jer*_*ink 6 timezone ruby-on-rails
我有一个连接到SQL Server数据库的rails应用程序,并且有一个连接到同一个数据库的Windows桌面应用程序.Windows应用程序正在使用Microsoft Windows时区数据库,所以我得到一个时区名称Pacific Daylight Time.在rails中,ActiveSupport::TimeZone该类为我们提供了一个映射哈希,其中键将是Pacific Time (US & Canada),并且值将是America/Los_Angeles.有没有什么东西可以将Windows格式转换为标准格式,以便我可以使用Time.zone？
或者是否有时区gem允许我配置rails以使用Windows格式？
这是一个我已经开始帮助转换的数组,但有一点我不是100%肯定.
DAYLIGHT = [
{name: 'Dateline Daylight Time', offset: -12, alt: 'International Date Line West'},
{name: 'UTC-11', offset: -11, alt: ''},
{name: 'Hawaiian Daylight Time', offset: -10, alt: 'Hawaii'},
{name: 'Alaskan Daylight Time', offset: -9, alt: 'Alaska'},
{name: 'Pacific Daylight Time (Mexico)', offset: -8, alt: ''},
{name: 'Pacific Daylight Time', offset: -8, alt: 'Pacific Time (US & Canada)'},
{name: 'US Mountain Daylight Time', offset: -7, alt: 'Mountain Time (US & Canada)'},
{name: 'Mountain Daylight Time (Mexico)', offset: -7, alt: ''},
{name: 'Mountain Daylight Time', offset: -7, alt: 'Mountain Time (US & Canada)'},
{name: 'Central America Daylight Time', offset: -6, alt: 'Central Time (US & Canada)'},
{name: 'Central Daylight Time', offset: -6, alt: 'Central Time (US & Canada)'},
{name: 'Central Daylight Time (Mexico)', offset: -6, alt: ''},
{name: 'Canada Central Daylight Time', offset: -6, alt: ''},
{name: 'SA Pacific Daylight Time', offset: -5, alt: ''},
{name: 'Eastern Daylight Time', offset: -5, alt: 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'},
{name: 'US Eastern Daylight Time', offset: -5, alt: 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'},
{name: 'Venezuela Daylight Time', offset: -4.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'Paraguay Daylight Time', offset: -4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Atlantic Daylight Time', offset: -4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Central Brazilian Daylight Time', offset: -4, alt: ''},
{name: 'SA Western Daylight Time', offset: -4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Pacific SA Daylight Time', offset: -4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Newfoundland Daylight Time', offset: -3.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'E. South America Daylight Time', offset: -3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Argentina Daylight Time', offset: -3, alt: ''},
{name: 'SA Eastern Daylight Time', offset: -3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Greenland Daylight Time', offset: -3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Montevideo Daylight Time', offset: -3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Bahia Daylight Time', offset: -3, alt: ''},
{name: 'UTC-02', offset: -2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Mid-Atlantic Daylight Time', offset: -2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Azores Daylight Time', offset: -1, alt: ''},
{name: 'Cabo Verde Daylight Time', offset: -1, alt: ''},
{name: 'Morocco Daylight Time', offset: 0, alt: ''},
{name: 'Coordinated Universal Time', offset: 0, alt: ''},
{name: 'GMT Daylight Time', offset: 0, alt: ''},
{name: 'Greenwich Daylight Time', offset: 0, alt: ''},
{name: 'W. Europe Daylight Time', offset: 1, alt: ''},
{name: 'Central Europe Daylight Time', offset: 1, alt: ''},
{name: 'Romance Daylight Time', offset: 1, alt: ''},
{name: 'Central European Daylight Time', offset: 1, alt: ''},
{name: 'W. Central Africa Daylight Time', offset: 1, alt: ''},
{name: 'Namibia Daylight Time', offset: 1, alt: ''},
{name: 'Jordan Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'GTB Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Middle East Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Egypt Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Syria Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'E. Europe Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'South Africa Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'FLE Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Turkey Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Jerusalem Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 1 Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Libya Daylight Time', offset: 2, alt: ''},
{name: 'Arabic Daylight Time', offset: 3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Arab Daylight Time', offset: 3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Belarus Daylight Time', offset: 3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 2 Daylight Time', offset: 3, alt: ''},
{name: 'E. Africa Daylight Time', offset: 3, alt: ''},
{name: 'Iran Daylight Time', offset: 3.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'Arabian Daylight Time', offset: 4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Azerbaijan Daylight Time', offset: 4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 3 Daylight Time', offset: 4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Mauritius Daylight Time', offset: 4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Georgian Daylight Time', offset: 4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Caucasus Daylight Time', offset: 4, alt: ''},
{name: 'Afghanistan Daylight Time', offset: 4.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'West Asia Daylight Time', offset: 5, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 4 Daylight Time', offset: 5, alt: ''},
{name: 'Pakistan Daylight Time', offset: 5, alt: ''},
{name: 'India Daylight Time', offset: 5.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'Sri Lanka Daylight Time', offset: 5.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'Nepal Daylight Time', offset: 5.75, alt: ''},
{name: 'Central Asia Daylight Time', offset: 6, alt: ''},
{name: 'Bangladesh Daylight Time', offset: 6, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 5 Daylight Time', offset: 6, alt: ''},
{name: 'Myanmar Daylight Time', offset: 6.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'SE Asia Daylight Time', offset: 7, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 6 Daylight Time', offset: 7, alt: ''},
{name: 'China Daylight Time', offset: 8, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 7 Daylight Time', offset: 8, alt: ''},
{name: 'Malay Peninsula Daylight Time', offset: 8, alt: ''},
{name: 'W. Australia Daylight Time', offset: 8, alt: ''},
{name: 'Taipei Daylight Time', offset: 8, alt: ''},
{name: 'Ulaanbaatar Daylight Time', offset: 8, alt: ''},
{name: 'Tokyo Daylight Time', offset: 9, alt: ''},
{name: 'Korea Daylight Time', offset: 9, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 8 Daylight Time', offset: 9, alt: ''},
{name: 'Cen. Australia Daylight Time', offset: 9.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'AUS Central Daylight Time', offset: 9.5, alt: ''},
{name: 'E. Australia Daylight Time', offset: 10, alt: ''},
{name: 'AUS Eastern Daylight Time', offset: 10, alt: ''},
{name: 'West Pacific Daylight Time', offset: 10, alt: ''},
{name: 'Tasmania Daylight Time', offset: 10, alt: ''},
{name: 'Magadan Daylight Time', offset: 10, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 9 Daylight Time', offset: 10, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 10 Daylight Time', offset: 11, alt: ''},
{name: 'Central Pacific Daylight Time', offset: 11, alt: ''},
{name: 'Russia TZ 11 Daylight Time', offset: 12, alt: ''},
{name: 'New Zealand Daylight Time', offset: 12, alt: ''},
{name: 'UTC+12', offset: 12, alt: ''},
{name: 'Fiji Daylight Time', offset: 12, alt: ''},
{name: 'Kamchatka Daylight Time', offset: 12, alt: ''},
{name: 'Tonga Daylight Time', offset: 13, alt: ''},
{name: 'Samoa Daylight Time', offset: 13, alt: ''},
{name: 'Line Islands Daylight Time', offset: 14, alt: ''}
]
Mat*_*int 11
我的原始答案(下面)中描述的功能现在可以在我的TimeZoneConverter .NET库中找到.所有的辛勤工作都是为您完成的,并随着世界时区的变化而不断更新.项目自述文件中的示例显示了如何在Windows,IANA和Rails标识符之间进行转换.
由于问题中描述的应用程序是在Rails中,我建议在.NET中运行后台作业,将Windows时区ID转换为Rails应用程序中所需的ID,并将它们保存在单独的列中.
您正在寻找的资源是作为Unicode CLDR项目的一部分维护的Windows到IANA映射文件.该文件位于CLDR版本中common/supplemental/windowsZones.xml,您可以在此处找到它的当前"开发版本" .
注意以下几点:
该文件也作为新的时区从Microsoft和IANA出来的时候政府改变他们的时区规则显著足够不同的映射应用得到更新,或者偶尔.
列表中的偏移量只是标准偏移量 - 也就是夏令时没有生效时应用的偏移量."时区"由标准偏移,日光偏移,DST过渡的特定日期和时间以及偏移和过渡的变化历史组成.
Rails时区名称不应该在Rails之外的任何地方使用.我的理解是它们实际上是在 Rails决定使用标准IANA/Olson时区之前创建的,然后当Ruby tzinfo gem变得可行时,Rails区域通过此页面上MAPPING显示的常量进行了改造,然后一些在之后添加为个体抱怨出现了.如果可能,只需通过tzinfo gem直接使用IANA时区.如果没有,那么您将有两层映射(Microsoft - > IANA - > Rails).
我不知道CLDR映射的特定于Rails的实现.我检查了几个CLDR for Rails项目,发现它们没有包含CLDR的特定部分.但是,如果您可以控制Windows方面的内容,那么您可以考虑使用我在此答案中描述的.NET实现.您可以在Windows端进行Windows到IANA转换,然后直接使用tzinfo使用IANA区域,或映射到Rails应用程序中的Rails区域.
还要意识到Rails时区的数量明显少于IANA支持的时区数量.我没有检查过,但有些Windows区域可能会映射到不在Rails中的IANA区域.此外,还有一些Rails区域具有多个Rails条目,但只有一个IANA映射 - 实质上使它们成为等效的别名.
Rails和Windows都使用"UTC"作为区域ID,Rails映射到"Etc/UTC",但CLDR映射到"Etc/GMT".你必须手动处理这个.
最后,认识到CLDR使用"稳定"标识符的方式与IANA的"规范"标识符不同,这可能会在映射过程中造成一些困难.
例如,考虑到Microsoft区域"India Standard Time"映射到CLDR中的"Asia/Calcutta",因为这就是原始 IANA区域.但是,IANA将该区域更改为"Asia/Kolkata",并为"Asia/Calcutta"设置了向后兼容的链接.当您查看Rails MAPPING常量时,有四个Rails区域,"Chennai","Kolkata","Mumbai"和"New Delhi" - 所有这些区域都映射到"Asia/Kolkata".
为了解决这个问题,您还需要CLDR中的另一个文件common/bcp47/timezone.xml.您可以使用此文件查找别名IANA区域之间的所有链接,这可以帮助您映射回Rails区域.
所以是的,这是可能的 - 但这并不容易.;)
我已经为你执行了当前的映射,如下所示:
"Windows","IANA","Rails"
"W. Central Africa Standard Time","Africa/Algiers","West Central Africa"
"Egypt Standard Time","Africa/Cairo","Cairo"
"Morocco Standard Time","Africa/Casablanca","Casablanca"
"South Africa Standard Time","Africa/Harare","Harare"
"South Africa Standard Time","Africa/Johannesburg","Pretoria"
"Greenwich Standard Time","Africa/Monrovia","Monrovia"
"E. Africa Standard Time","Africa/Nairobi","Nairobi"
"Argentina Standard Time","America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires","Buenos Aires"
"SA Pacific Standard Time","America/Bogota","Bogota"
"Venezuela Standard Time","America/Caracas","Caracas"
"Central Standard Time","America/Chicago","Central Time (US & Canada)"
"Mountain Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Chihuahua","Chihuahua"
"Mountain Standard Time","America/Denver","Mountain Time (US & Canada)"
"Greenland Standard Time","America/Godthab","Greenland"
"Central America Standard Time","America/Guatemala","Central America"
"SA Western Standard Time","America/Guyana","Georgetown"
"Atlantic Standard Time","America/Halifax","Atlantic Time (Canada)"
"US Eastern Standard Time","America/Indiana/Indianapolis","Indiana (East)"
"Alaskan Standard Time","America/Juneau","Alaska"
"SA Western Standard Time","America/La_Paz","La Paz"
"SA Pacific Standard Time","America/Lima","Lima"
"SA Pacific Standard Time","America/Lima","Quito"
"Pacific Standard Time","America/Los_Angeles","Pacific Time (US & Canada)"
"Mountain Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Mazatlan","Mazatlan"
"Central Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Mexico_City","Guadalajara"
"Central Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Mexico_City","Mexico City"
"Central Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Monterrey","Monterrey"
"Montevideo Standard Time","America/Montevideo","Montevideo"
"Eastern Standard Time","America/New_York","Eastern Time (US & Canada)"
"US Mountain Standard Time","America/Phoenix","Arizona"
"Canada Central Standard Time","America/Regina","Saskatchewan"
"Pacific SA Standard Time","America/Santiago","Santiago"
"E. South America Standard Time","America/Sao_Paulo","Brasilia"
"Newfoundland Standard Time","America/St_Johns","Newfoundland"
"Pacific Standard Time","America/Tijuana","Tijuana"
"Central Asia Standard Time","Asia/Almaty","Almaty"
"Arabic Standard Time","Asia/Baghdad","Baghdad"
"Azerbaijan Standard Time","Asia/Baku","Baku"
"SE Asia Standard Time","Asia/Bangkok","Bangkok"
"SE Asia Standard Time","Asia/Bangkok","Hanoi"
"China Standard Time","Asia/Chongqing","Chongqing"
"Sri Lanka Standard Time","Asia/Colombo","Sri Jayawardenepura"
"Bangladesh Standard Time","Asia/Dhaka","Astana"
"Bangladesh Standard Time","Asia/Dhaka","Dhaka"
"China Standard Time","Asia/Hong_Kong","Hong Kong"
"North Asia East Standard Time","Asia/Irkutsk","Irkutsk"
"SE Asia Standard Time","Asia/Jakarta","Jakarta"
"Israel Standard Time","Asia/Jerusalem","Jerusalem"
"Afghanistan Standard Time","Asia/Kabul","Kabul"
"Russia Time Zone 11","Asia/Kamchatka","Kamchatka"
"Pakistan Standard Time","Asia/Karachi","Islamabad"
"Pakistan Standard Time","Asia/Karachi","Karachi"
"Nepal Standard Time","Asia/Kathmandu","Kathmandu"
"India Standard Time","Asia/Kolkata","Chennai"
"India Standard Time","Asia/Kolkata","Kolkata"
"India Standard Time","Asia/Kolkata","Mumbai"
"India Standard Time","Asia/Kolkata","New Delhi"
"North Asia Standard Time","Asia/Krasnoyarsk","Krasnoyarsk"
"Singapore Standard Time","Asia/Kuala_Lumpur","Kuala Lumpur"
"Arab Standard Time","Asia/Kuwait","Kuwait"
"Magadan Standard Time","Asia/Magadan","Magadan"
"Arabian Standard Time","Asia/Muscat","Abu Dhabi"
"Arabian Standard Time","Asia/Muscat","Muscat"
"N. Central Asia Standard Time","Asia/Novosibirsk","Novosibirsk"
"Myanmar Standard Time","Asia/Rangoon","Rangoon"
"Arab Standard Time","Asia/Riyadh","Riyadh"
"Korea Standard Time","Asia/Seoul","Seoul"
"China Standard Time","Asia/Shanghai","Beijing"
"Singapore Standard Time","Asia/Singapore","Singapore"
"Russia Time Zone 10","Asia/Srednekolymsk","Srednekolymsk"
"Taipei Standard Time","Asia/Taipei","Taipei"
"West Asia Standard Time","Asia/Tashkent","Tashkent"
"Georgian Standard Time","Asia/Tbilisi","Tbilisi"
"Iran Standard Time","Asia/Tehran","Tehran"
"Tokyo Standard Time","Asia/Tokyo","Osaka"
"Tokyo Standard Time","Asia/Tokyo","Sapporo"
"Tokyo Standard Time","Asia/Tokyo","Tokyo"
"Ulaanbaatar Standard Time","Asia/Ulaanbaatar","Ulaanbaatar"
"Central Asia Standard Time","Asia/Urumqi","Urumqi"
"Vladivostok Standard Time","Asia/Vladivostok","Vladivostok"
"Yakutsk Standard Time","Asia/Yakutsk","Yakutsk"
"Ekaterinburg Standard Time","Asia/Yekaterinburg","Ekaterinburg"
"Caucasus Standard Time","Asia/Yerevan","Yerevan"
"Azores Standard Time","Atlantic/Azores","Azores"
"Cape Verde Standard Time","Atlantic/Cape_Verde","Cape Verde Is."
"UTC-02","Atlantic/South_Georgia","Mid-Atlantic"
"Cen. Australia Standard Time","Australia/Adelaide","Adelaide"
"E. Australia Standard Time","Australia/Brisbane","Brisbane"
"AUS Central Standard Time","Australia/Darwin","Darwin"
"Tasmania Standard Time","Australia/Hobart","Hobart"
"AUS Eastern Standard Time","Australia/Melbourne","Canberra"
"AUS Eastern Standard Time","Australia/Melbourne","Melbourne"
"W. Australia Standard Time","Australia/Perth","Perth"
"AUS Eastern Standard Time","Australia/Sydney","Sydney"
"UTC","Etc/UTC","UTC"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Amsterdam","Amsterdam"
"GTB Standard Time","Europe/Athens","Athens"
"Central Europe Standard Time","Europe/Belgrade","Belgrade"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Berlin","Berlin"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Berlin","Bern"
"Central Europe Standard Time","Europe/Bratislava","Bratislava"
"Romance Standard Time","Europe/Brussels","Brussels"
"GTB Standard Time","Europe/Bucharest","Bucharest"
"Central Europe Standard Time","Europe/Budapest","Budapest"
"Romance Standard Time","Europe/Copenhagen","Copenhagen"
"GMT Standard Time","Europe/Dublin","Dublin"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Helsinki","Helsinki"
"Turkey Standard Time","Europe/Istanbul","Istanbul"
"Kaliningrad Standard Time","Europe/Kaliningrad","Kaliningrad"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Kiev","Kyiv"
"GMT Standard Time","Europe/Lisbon","Lisbon"
"Central Europe Standard Time","Europe/Ljubljana","Ljubljana"
"GMT Standard Time","Europe/London","Edinburgh"
"GMT Standard Time","Europe/London","London"
"Romance Standard Time","Europe/Madrid","Madrid"
"Belarus Standard Time","Europe/Minsk","Minsk"
"Russian Standard Time","Europe/Moscow","Moscow"
"Russian Standard Time","Europe/Moscow","St. Petersburg"
"Romance Standard Time","Europe/Paris","Paris"
"Central Europe Standard Time","Europe/Prague","Prague"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Riga","Riga"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Rome","Rome"
"Russia Time Zone 3","Europe/Samara","Samara"
"Central European Standard Time","Europe/Sarajevo","Sarajevo"
"Central European Standard Time","Europe/Skopje","Skopje"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Sofia","Sofia"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Stockholm","Stockholm"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Tallinn","Tallinn"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Vienna","Vienna"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Vilnius","Vilnius"
"Russian Standard Time","Europe/Volgograd","Volgograd"
"Central European Standard Time","Europe/Warsaw","Warsaw"
"Central European Standard Time","Europe/Zagreb","Zagreb"
"Samoa Standard Time","Pacific/Apia","Samoa"
"New Zealand Standard Time","Pacific/Auckland","Auckland"
"New Zealand Standard Time","Pacific/Auckland","Wellington"
"Tonga Standard Time","Pacific/Fakaofo","Tokelau Is."
"Fiji Standard Time","Pacific/Fiji","Fiji"
"Central Pacific Standard Time","Pacific/Guadalcanal","Solomon Is."
"West Pacific Standard Time","Pacific/Guam","Guam"
"Hawaiian Standard Time","Pacific/Honolulu","Hawaii"
"UTC+12","Pacific/Majuro","Marshall Is."
"UTC-11","Pacific/Midway","International Date Line West"
"UTC-11","Pacific/Midway","Midway Island"
"Central Pacific Standard Time","Pacific/Noumea","New Caledonia"
"UTC-11","Pacific/Pago_Pago","American Samoa"
"West Pacific Standard Time","Pacific/Port_Moresby","Port Moresby"
"Tonga Standard Time","Pacific/Tongatapu","Nuku'alofa"
请注意,上面的列表包含多个Rails区域映射回同一Windows区域的条目.在Windows-to-Rails方向映射时,您可能只想选择其中一个.
此外,上面的列表不包括无法映射的区域,如下所示(CSV):
"Windows","IANA","Rails"
"","Pacific/Chatham","Chatham Is."
"Dateline Standard Time","Etc/GMT+12",""
"Pacific Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Santa_Isabel",""
"Eastern Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Cancun",""
"Paraguay Standard Time","America/Asuncion",""
"Central Brazilian Standard Time","America/Cuiaba",""
"SA Eastern Standard Time","America/Cayenne",""
"Bahia Standard Time","America/Bahia",""
"Namibia Standard Time","Africa/Windhoek",""
"Jordan Standard Time","Asia/Amman",""
"Middle East Standard Time","Asia/Beirut",""
"Syria Standard Time","Asia/Damascus",""
"E. Europe Standard Time","Etc/GMT-2",""
"Libya Standard Time","Africa/Tripoli",""
"Mauritius Standard Time","Indian/Mauritius",""
"Line Islands Standard Time","Pacific/Kiritimati",""