Bil*_*ard 23
你是对的,在C中使用套接字有一个困难的语法.像Java和Python这样的后来的语言比较简单.我在C中进行套接字编程的最佳教程是Beej的网络编程指南.我建议你从头开始得到一个很好的概述,但如果你只是需要一些代码的工作,现在,你可以直接跳到标题为客户端-服务器背景.
祝好运!
POSIX 7 最小可运行客户端服务器 TCP 示例
在 LAN 中获取两台计算机,例如您的家庭 WiFi 网络。
在一台计算机上运行服务器:
./server.out
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获取服务器计算机的 IP ifconfig,例如192.168.0.10。
在另一台计算机上,运行:
./client.out 192.168.0.10
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现在在客户端上键入行,服务器将返回它们并增加 1(ROT-1 密码)。
服务器.c
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h> /* getprotobyname */
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
char buffer[BUFSIZ];
char protoname[] = "tcp";
struct protoent *protoent;
int enable = 1;
int i;
int newline_found = 0;
int server_sockfd, client_sockfd;
socklen_t client_len;
ssize_t nbytes_read;
struct sockaddr_in client_address, server_address;
unsigned short server_port = 12345u;
if (argc > 1) {
server_port = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 10);
}
protoent = getprotobyname(protoname);
if (protoent == NULL) {
perror("getprotobyname");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
server_sockfd = socket(
AF_INET,
SOCK_STREAM,
protoent->p_proto
/* 0 */
);
if (server_sockfd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (setsockopt(server_sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &enable, sizeof(enable)) < 0) {
perror("setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
server_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_address.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
server_address.sin_port = htons(server_port);
if (bind(
server_sockfd,
(struct sockaddr*)&server_address,
sizeof(server_address)
) == -1
) {
perror("bind");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (listen(server_sockfd, 5) == -1) {
perror("listen");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
fprintf(stderr, "listening on port %d\n", server_port);
while (1) {
client_len = sizeof(client_address);
client_sockfd = accept(
server_sockfd,
(struct sockaddr*)&client_address,
&client_len
);
while ((nbytes_read = read(client_sockfd, buffer, BUFSIZ)) > 0) {
printf("received:\n");
write(STDOUT_FILENO, buffer, nbytes_read);
if (buffer[nbytes_read - 1] == '\n')
newline_found;
for (i = 0; i < nbytes_read - 1; i++)
buffer[i]++;
write(client_sockfd, buffer, nbytes_read);
if (newline_found)
break;
}
close(client_sockfd);
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
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客户端.c
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h> /* getprotobyname */
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
char buffer[BUFSIZ];
char protoname[] = "tcp";
struct protoent *protoent;
char *server_hostname = "127.0.0.1";
char *user_input = NULL;
in_addr_t in_addr;
in_addr_t server_addr;
int sockfd;
size_t getline_buffer = 0;
ssize_t nbytes_read, i, user_input_len;
struct hostent *hostent;
/* This is the struct used by INet addresses. */
struct sockaddr_in sockaddr_in;
unsigned short server_port = 12345;
if (argc > 1) {
server_hostname = argv[1];
if (argc > 2) {
server_port = strtol(argv[2], NULL, 10);
}
}
/* Get socket. */
protoent = getprotobyname(protoname);
if (protoent == NULL) {
perror("getprotobyname");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, protoent->p_proto);
if (sockfd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* Prepare sockaddr_in. */
hostent = gethostbyname(server_hostname);
if (hostent == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "error: gethostbyname(\"%s\")\n", server_hostname);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
in_addr = inet_addr(inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr*)*(hostent->h_addr_list)));
if (in_addr == (in_addr_t)-1) {
fprintf(stderr, "error: inet_addr(\"%s\")\n", *(hostent->h_addr_list));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
sockaddr_in.sin_addr.s_addr = in_addr;
sockaddr_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
sockaddr_in.sin_port = htons(server_port);
/* Do the actual connection. */
if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&sockaddr_in, sizeof(sockaddr_in)) == -1) {
perror("connect");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
while (1) {
fprintf(stderr, "enter string (empty to quit):\n");
user_input_len = getline(&user_input, &getline_buffer, stdin);
if (user_input_len == -1) {
perror("getline");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (user_input_len == 1) {
close(sockfd);
break;
}
if (write(sockfd, user_input, user_input_len) == -1) {
perror("write");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
while ((nbytes_read = read(sockfd, buffer, BUFSIZ)) > 0) {
write(STDOUT_FILENO, buffer, nbytes_read);
if (buffer[nbytes_read - 1] == '\n') {
fflush(stdout);
break;
}
}
}
free(user_input);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
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在 GitHub 上,带有 Makefile。在 Ubuntu 15.10 上测试。
消息长度
read客户端和服务器上的调用都在 while 循环内运行。
就像从文件中读取时一样,操作系统可能会任意分割消息以使速度更快,例如,一个数据包可能比另一个数据包早得多到达。
因此协议必须指定消息停止位置的约定。常见的方法包括:
Content-Length)\n.下一步
这个例子是有限的,因为:
解决这些问题需要线程以及可能的其他调用,例如poll.