Python 3 urllib产生TypeError:POST数据应该是字节或可迭代的字节.它不能是str类型

Question

我正在尝试将Python 2.7代码转换为Python 3代码,并且我从urllib请求模块收到类型错误.

我使用内置的2to3 Python工具转换下面的工作urllib和urllib2 Python 2.7代码:

import urllib2
import urllib

url = "https://www.customdomain.com"
d = dict(parameter1="value1", parameter2="value2")

req = urllib2.Request(url, data=urllib.urlencode(d))
f = urllib2.urlopen(req)
resp = f.read()

2to3模块的输出是以下Python 3代码:

import urllib.request, urllib.error, urllib.parse

url = "https://www.customdomain.com"
d = dict(parameter1="value1", parameter2="value2")

req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=urllib.parse.urlencode(d))
f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
resp = f.read()

运行Python 3代码时,会产生以下错误:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-56-206954140899> in <module>()
      5 
      6 req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=urllib.parse.urlencode(d))
----> 7 f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
      8 resp = f.read()

C:\Users\Admin\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in urlopen(url, data, timeout, cafile, capath, cadefault, context)
    159     else:
    160         opener = _opener
--> 161     return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
    162 
    163 def install_opener(opener):

C:\Users\Admin\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in open(self, fullurl, data, timeout)
    459         for processor in self.process_request.get(protocol, []):
    460             meth = getattr(processor, meth_name)
--> 461             req = meth(req)
    462 
    463         response = self._open(req, data)

C:\Users\Admin\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in do_request_(self, request)
   1110                 msg = "POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes. " \
   1111                       "It cannot be of type str."
-> 1112                 raise TypeError(msg)
   1113             if not request.has_header('Content-type'):
   1114                 request.add_unredirected_header(

TypeError: POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes. It cannot be of type str.

我还读了两张提到编码日期的票(ticket1和ticket2).

当我将行更改f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)为f = urllib.request.urlopen(req.encode('utf-8'))I时收到以下错误:AttributeError: 'Request' object has no attribute 'encode'

我被困在如何使Python 3代码工作.请你帮助我好吗？

Answer 1

从文档中 注意,urlencode的params输出在作为数据发送到urlopen之前被编码为字节:

data = urllib.parse.urlencode(d).encode("utf-8")
req = urllib.request.Request(url)
with urllib.request.urlopen(req,data=data) as f:
    resp = f.read()
    print(resp)

Answer 2

尝试这个：

url = 'https://www.customdomain.com'
d = dict(parameter1="value1", parameter2="value2")

f = urllib.parse.urlencode(d)
f = f.encode('utf-8')

req = urllib.request.Request(url, f)

您的问题在于您处理字典的方式。