如何使用正则表达式中的特定单词获取ID？

Question

我的字符串:

<div class="sect1" id="s9781473910270.i101">       
<div class="sect2" id="s9781473910270.i102">
<h1 class="title">1.2 Summations and Products[label*summation]</h1>
<p>text</p> 
</div>
</div>           
<div class="sect1" id="s9781473910270.i103">
<p>sometext [ref*summation]</p>
</div>

<div class="figure" id="s9781473910270.i220">
<div class="metadata" id="s9781473910270.i221">
</div>
<p>fig1.2 [label*somefigure]</p>
<p>sometext [ref*somefigure]</p>
</div>        

目标: 1.在上面的字符串中label*string,ref*string是交叉引用.取而代之的是[ref*string]我需要用and a的属性替换,href是相关位置的id .和班级是classhrefdivlabel*adiv

2. 正如我上面提到的,a元素类和ID是它们的相对div类名和ID.但如果div class="metadata"存在,需要忽略它不应该采取他们的类名和ID.

预期产量:

<div class="sect1" id="s9781473910270.i101">       
<div class="sect2" id="s9781473910270.i102">
<h1 class="title">1.2 Summations and Products[label*summation]</h1>
<p>text</p> 
</div>
</div>             
<div class="sect1" id="s9781473910270.i103">
<p>sometext <a class="section-ref" href="s9781473910270.i102">1.2</a></p>
</div>


<div class="figure" id="s9781473910270.i220">
<div class="metadata" id="s9781473910270.i221">
<p>fig1.2 [label*somefigure]</p>
</div>
<p>sometext <a class="fig-ref" href="s9781473910270.i220">fig 1.2</a></p>          
</div>      

如何在不使用DOM解析器的情况下以更简单的方式执行此操作？

我的想法是,必须将label* string它们的ID 存储在一个数组中并且将循环反对ref字符串以匹配label* stringif字符串匹配然后它们的相关id和类应该被替换ref* string,所以我已经尝试了这个正则表达式来获取label*string和它们相关id和类名.

Answer 1

此方法包括使用 html 结构通过 DOMXPath 检索所需的元素。再次使用正则表达式从文本节点或属性中提取信息：

$classRel = ['sect2'  => 'section-ref',
             'figure' => 'fig-ref'];

libxml_use_internal_errors(true);

$dom = new DOMDocument;
$dom->loadHTML($html); // or $dom->loadHTMLFile($url); 

$xp = new DOMXPath($dom);

// make a custom php function available for the XPath query
// (it isn't really necessary, but it is more rigorous than writing
// "contains(@class, 'myClass')" )
$xp->registerNamespace("php", "http://php.net/xpath");

function hasClass($classNode, $className) {
    if (!empty($classNode))
        return in_array($className, preg_split('~\s+~', $classNode[0]->value, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY));
    return false;
}

$xp->registerPHPFunctions('hasClass');


// The XPath query will find the first ancestor of a text node with '[label*'
// that is a div tag with an id and a class attribute,
// if the class attribute doesn't contain the "metadata" class.

$labelQuery = <<<'EOD'
//text()[contains(., 'label*')]
/ancestor::div
[@id and @class and not(php:function('hasClass', @class, 'metadata'))][1]
EOD;

$idNodeList = $xp->query($labelQuery);

$links = [];

// For each div node, a new link node is created in the associative array $links.
// The keys are labels. 
foreach($idNodeList as $divNode) {

    // The pattern extract the first text part in group 1 and the label in group 2
    if (preg_match('~(\S+) .*? \[label\* ([^]]+) ]~x', $divNode->textContent, $m)) {
        $links[$m[2]] = $dom->createElement('a');
        $links[$m[2]]->setAttribute('href', $divNode->getAttribute('id'));
        $links[$m[2]]->setAttribute('class', $classRel[$divNode->getAttribute('class')]);
        $links[$m[2]]->nodeValue = $m[1];
    }
}


if ($links) { // if $links is empty no need to do anything

    $refNodeList = $xp->query("//text()[contains(., '[ref*')]");

    foreach ($refNodeList as $refNode) {
        // split the text with square brackets parts, the reference name is preserved in a capture
        $parts = preg_split('~\[ref\*([^]]+)]~', $refNode->nodeValue, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);

        // create a fragment to receive text parts and links
        $frag = $dom->createDocumentFragment();

        foreach ($parts as $k=>$part) {
            if ($k%2 && isset($links[$part])) { // delimiters are always odd items
                $clone = $links[$part]->cloneNode(true);
                $frag->appendChild($clone);
            } elseif ($part !== '') {
                $frag->appendChild($dom->createTextNode($part));
            }
        }

        $refNode->parentNode->replaceChild($frag, $refNode);
    }
}

$result = '';

$childNodes = $dom->getElementsByTagName('body')->item(0)->childNodes;

foreach ($childNodes as $childNode) {
    $result .= $dom->saveXML($childNode);
}

echo $result;