Del*_*eet 9 plot r ggplot2 axis-labels
ggplot2似乎没有内置的方法来处理散点图上的文本过度绘图.但是,我有一个不同的情况,标签是离散轴上的标签,我想知道这里有人有一个比我一直做的更好的解决方案.
一些示例代码:
library(ggplot2)
#some example data
test.data = data.frame(text = c("A full commitment's what I'm thinking of",
"History quickly crashing through your veins",
"And I take A deep breath and I get real high",
"And again, the Internet is not something that you just dump something on. It's not a big truck."),
mean = c(3.5, 3, 5, 4),
CI.lower = c(4, 3.5, 5.5, 4.5),
CI.upper = c(3, 2.5, 4.5, 3.5))
#plot
ggplot(test.data, aes_string(x = "text", y = "mean")) +
geom_point(stat="identity") +
geom_errorbar(aes(ymax = CI.upper, ymin = CI.lower), width = .1) +
scale_x_discrete(labels = test.data$text, name = "")
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

因此我们看到x轴标签彼此重叠.我想到了两种解决方案:1)缩写标签,2)在标签上添加换行符.在许多情况下(1)会做,但在某些情况下,它无法完成.所以我编写了一个函数,用于\n在字符串中每隔n个字符添加换行符()以避免重叠名称:
library(ggplot2)
#Inserts newlines into strings every N interval
new_lines_adder = function(test.string, interval){
#length of str
string.length = nchar(test.string)
#split by N char intervals
split.starts = seq(1,string.length,interval)
split.ends = c(split.starts[-1]-1,nchar(test.string))
#split it
test.string = substring(test.string, split.starts, split.ends)
#put it back together with newlines
test.string = paste0(test.string,collapse = "\n")
return(test.string)
}
#a user-level wrapper that also works on character vectors, data.frames, matrices and factors
add_newlines = function(x, interval) {
if (class(x) == "data.frame" | class(x) == "matrix" | class(x) == "factor") {
x = as.vector(x)
}
if (length(x) == 1) {
return(new_lines_adder(x, interval))
} else {
t = sapply(x, FUN = new_lines_adder, interval = interval) #apply splitter to each
names(t) = NULL #remove names
return(t)
}
}
#plot again
ggplot(test.data, aes_string(x = "text", y = "mean")) +
geom_point(stat="identity") +
geom_errorbar(aes(ymax = CI.upper, ymin = CI.lower), width = .1) +
scale_x_discrete(labels = add_newlines(test.data$text, 20), name = "")
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
输出是:

然后人们可以花一些时间玩间隔大小,以避免标签之间有太多的空白区域.
如果标签的数量不同,这种解决方案不太好,因为最佳间隔大小会发生变化.另外,由于普通字体不是单行间距,标签的文字也会对宽度产生影响,因此在选择好间隔时必须格外小心(可以通过使用单空格字体来避免这种情况) ,但它们是特别宽的).最后,这个new_lines_adder()功能很愚蠢,因为它会以人类不会做的愚蠢方式将单词分成两部分.例如,在上面它将"呼吸"分成"br \nreath".人们可以重写它以避免这个问题.
人们也可以减小字体大小,但这是可读性的折衷,通常不需要减小字体大小.
处理这种标签过度绘图的最佳方法是什么?
该解决方案以@Stibu 答案和评论为基础,考虑了组的数量,并使用 Stibu 开发的智能拆分,同时添加了对由斜杠分隔的单词的修复。
功能:
#Inserts newlines into strings every N interval
new_lines_adder = function(x, interval) {
#add spaces after /
x = str_replace_all(x, "/", "/ ")
#split at spaces
x.split = strsplit(x, " ")[[1]]
# get length of snippets, add one for space
lens <- nchar(x.split) + 1
# now the trick: split the text into lines with
# length of at most interval + 1 (including the spaces)
lines <- cumsum(lens) %/% (interval + 1)
# construct the lines
x.lines <- tapply(x.split, lines, function(line)
paste0(paste(line, collapse=" "), "\n"), simplify = TRUE)
# put everything into a single string
result <- paste(x.lines, collapse="")
#remove spaces we added after /
result = str_replace_all(result, "/ ", "/")
return(result)
}
#wrapper for the above, meant for users
add_newlines = function(x, total.length = 85) {
# make sure, x is a character array
x = as.character(x)
#determine number of groups
groups = length(x)
# apply splitter to each
t = sapply(x, FUN = new_lines_adder, interval = round(total.length/groups), USE.NAMES=FALSE)
return(t)
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
我尝试了默认输入的一些值,85 是文本结果适合示例数据的值。标签 2 中的任何较高位置和“静脉”都会向上移动并距离第三个标签太近。
它看起来是这样的:

尽管如此,最好使用总文本宽度的实际测量值,而不是字符数,因为必须依赖此代理通常意味着标签浪费大量空间。也许可以new_lines_adder()用一些基于的代码重写strwidth来处理字符宽度不等的问题。
我不会回答这个问题,以防有人能找到一种方法来做到这一点。
我已将这两个函数添加到github 上的个人包中,因此任何想要使用它们的人都可以从那里获取它们。
| 归档时间: |
|
| 查看次数: |
4841 次 |
| 最近记录: |