在Windows命令行上是否有相应的"哪个"？

Question

由于我有时遇到路径问题,其中一个我自己的cmd脚本被另一个程序隐藏(阴影)(在路径的前面),我希望能够在Windows命令行上找到程序的完整路径,给定只是它的名字.

有没有相当于UNIX命令'哪个'？

在UNIX上,which command打印给定命令的完整路径以轻松查找和修复这些阴影问题.

Answer 1

Windows Server 2003及更高版本(即Windows XP 32位之后的任何内容)提供了where.exe执行某些操作的程序which,尽管它匹配所有类型的文件,而不仅仅是可执行命令.(它与内置的shell命令不匹配cd.)它甚至会接受通配符,因此where nt*查找%PATH%名称以及以当前目录开头的所有文件nt.

尝试where /?寻求帮助.

需要注意的是Windows PowerShell中定义where为一个别名的Where-Objectcmdlet的,所以如果你想where.exe,你需要输入完整的名称,而不是省略的.exe扩展.

Answer 2

虽然Windows的更高版本具有where命令,但您也可以使用环境变量修饰符在Windows XP中执行此操作,如下所示:

c:\> for %i in (cmd.exe) do @echo.   %~$PATH:i
   C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe

c:\> for %i in (python.exe) do @echo.   %~$PATH:i
   C:\Python25\python.exe

您不需要任何额外的工具,并且不限于此,PATH因为您可以替换您希望使用的任何环境变量(当然是路径格式).

并且,如果你想要一个可以处理PATHEXT中所有扩展的东西(就像Windows本身那样),这个就可以了:

@echo off
setlocal enableextensions enabledelayedexpansion

:: Needs an argument.

if "x%1"=="x" (
    echo Usage: which ^<progName^>
    goto :end
)

:: First try the unadorned filenmame.

set fullspec=
call :find_it %1

:: Then try all adorned filenames in order.

set mypathext=!pathext!
:loop1
    :: Stop if found or out of extensions.

    if "x!mypathext!"=="x" goto :loop1end

    :: Get the next extension and try it.

    for /f "delims=;" %%j in ("!mypathext!") do set myext=%%j
    call :find_it %1!myext!

:: Remove the extension (not overly efficient but it works).

:loop2
    if not "x!myext!"=="x" (
        set myext=!myext:~1!
        set mypathext=!mypathext:~1!
        goto :loop2
    )
    if not "x!mypathext!"=="x" set mypathext=!mypathext:~1!

    goto :loop1
:loop1end

:end
endlocal
goto :eof

:: Function to find and print a file in the path.

:find_it
    for %%i in (%1) do set fullspec=%%~$PATH:i
    if not "x!fullspec!"=="x" @echo.   !fullspec!
    goto :eof

它实际上返回了所有可能性,但您可以轻松地针对特定搜索规则进行调整.

Answer 3

在PowerShell下,Get-Command可以在任何地方找到可执行文件$Env:PATH.

Get-Command eventvwr

CommandType   Name          Definition
-----------   ----          ----------
Application   eventvwr.exe  c:\windows\system32\eventvwr.exe
Application   eventvwr.msc  c:\windows\system32\eventvwr.msc

它还发现PowerShell命令,函数,别名文件通过自定义的可执行文件的扩展$Env:PATHEXT等,为当前shell定义(非常类似于bash的type -a foo) -使其成为一个更好的去到比其他工具一样where.exe,which.exe等它不知道这些PowerShell命令.

仅使用部分名称查找可执行文件

gcm *disk*

CommandType     Name                             Version    Source
-----------     ----                             -------    ------
Alias           Disable-PhysicalDiskIndication   2.0.0.0    Storage
Alias           Enable-PhysicalDiskIndication    2.0.0.0    Storage
Function        Add-PhysicalDisk                 2.0.0.0    Storage
Function        Add-VirtualDiskToMaskingSet      2.0.0.0    Storage
Function        Clear-Disk                       2.0.0.0    Storage
Cmdlet          Get-PmemDisk                     1.0.0.0    PersistentMemory
Cmdlet          New-PmemDisk                     1.0.0.0    PersistentMemory
Cmdlet          Remove-PmemDisk                  1.0.0.0    PersistentMemory
Application     diskmgmt.msc                     0.0.0.0    C:\WINDOWS\system32\diskmgmt.msc
Application     diskpart.exe                     10.0.17... C:\WINDOWS\system32\diskpart.exe
Application     diskperf.exe                     10.0.17... C:\WINDOWS\system32\diskperf.exe
Application     diskraid.exe                     10.0.17... C:\WINDOWS\system32\diskraid.exe
...

查找自定义可执行文件

要查找其他非Windows可执行文件(python,ruby,perl等),需要将这些可执行文件的文件扩展名添加到PATHEXT环境变量(默认为.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC;.CPL),以在PATH可执行文件中标识具有这些扩展名的文件.由于Get-Command还表彰这个变量,它可以扩展到列出自定义可执行文件.例如

$Env:PATHEXT="$Env:PATHEXT;.dll;.ps1;.psm1;.py"     # temporary assignment, only for this shell's process

gcm user32,kernel32,*WASM*,*http*py

CommandType     Name                        Version    Source
-----------     ----                        -------    ------
ExternalScript  Invoke-WASMProfiler.ps1                C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Invoke-WASMProfiler.ps1
Application     http-server.py              0.0.0.0    C:\Users\ME\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\http-server.py
Application     kernel32.dll                10.0.17... C:\WINDOWS\system32\kernel32.dll
Application     user32.dll                  10.0.17... C:\WINDOWS\system32\user32.dll

您可以使用sal which gcm(简短形式set-alias which get-command)快速设置别名.

可以在在线帮助下找到更多信息和示例Get-Command.

Answer 4

在Windows PowerShell中:

set-alias which where.exe

Answer 5

如果安装了PowerShell(我建议使用),则可以使用以下命令作为粗略等效命令(替换programName作为可执行文件的名称):

($Env:Path).Split(";") | Get-ChildItem -filter programName*

更多的是: 我的曼彻斯特!PowerShell哪个

Answer 6

在的GnuWin32工具有which,与其他Unix工具整体转换一起.

Answer 7

在Windows CMD which调用中where:

$ where php
C:\Program Files\PHP\php.exe

Answer 8

Cygwin是一个解决方案.如果您不介意使用第三方解决方案,那么Cygwin就是您的选择.

Cygwin在Windows环境中为您提供了*nix的舒适度(您可以在Windows命令shell中使用它,或者使用您选择的*nix shell).它which为Windows 提供了大量的*nix命令(例如),你可以在你的目录中包含该目录PATH.

Answer 9

在PowerShell中,它gcm提供了有关其他命令的格式化信息.如果要仅检索可执行文件的路径,请使用.Source.

例如:gcm git或(gcm git).Source

小知识:

• 适用于Windows XP.
• 自PowerShell 1.0起可用.
• gcm是Get-Commandcmdlet的别名.
• 没有任何参数,它列出了主机shell提供的所有可用命令.
• 您可以创建一个自定义的别名Set-Alias which gcm,并用它喜欢:(which git).Source.
• 官方文档:https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee176842.aspx

Answer 10

从这里获取unxutils:http://sourceforge.net/projects/unxutils/

Windows平台上的黄金,将所有漂亮的unix实用程序放在标准的Windows DOS上.多年来一直在使用它.

它有一个'包括'.请注意,它虽然区分大小写.

注意:安装它会在某处爆炸zip并将...\UnxUtils\usr\local\wbin \添加到系统路径env变量中.

Answer 11

我的PowerShell配置文件中有一个名为'which'的函数

function which {
    get-command $args[0]| format-list
}

这是输出的样子:

PS C:\Users\fez> which python


Name            : python.exe
CommandType     : Application
Definition      : C:\Python27\python.exe
Extension       : .exe
Path            : C:\Python27\python.exe
FileVersionInfo : File:             C:\Python27\python.exe
                  InternalName:
                  OriginalFilename:
                  FileVersion:
                  FileDescription:
                  Product:
                  ProductVersion:
                  Debug:            False
                  Patched:          False
                  PreRelease:       False
                  PrivateBuild:     False
                  SpecialBuild:     False
                  Language:

Answer 12

如果你能找到一个免费的Pascal编译器,你可以编译它.至少它工作并显示必要的算法.

program Whence (input, output);
  Uses Dos, my_funk;
  Const program_version = '1.00';
        program_date    = '17 March 1994';
  VAR   path_str          : string;
        command_name      : NameStr;
        command_extension : ExtStr;
        command_directory : DirStr;
        search_dir        : DirStr;
        result            : DirStr;


  procedure Check_for (file_name : string);
    { Check existence of the passed parameter. If exists, then state so   }
    { and exit.                                                           }
  begin
    if Fsearch(file_name, '') <> '' then
    begin
      WriteLn('DOS command = ', Fexpand(file_name));
      Halt(0);    { structured ? whaddayamean structured ? }
    end;
  end;

  function Get_next_dir : DirStr;
    { Returns the next directory from the path variable, truncating the   }
    { variable every time. Implicit input (but not passed as parameter)   }
    { is, therefore, path_str                                             }
    var  semic_pos : Byte;

  begin
      semic_pos := Pos(';', path_str);
      if (semic_pos = 0) then
      begin
        Get_next_dir := '';
        Exit;
      end;

      result := Copy(Path_str, 1, (semic_pos - 1));  { return result   }
      { Hmm! although *I* never reference a Root drive (my directory tree) }
      { is 1/2 way structured), some network logon software which I run    }
      { does (it adds Z:\ to the path). This means that I have to allow    }
      { path entries with & without a terminating backslash. I'll delete   }
      { anysuch here since I always add one in the main program below.     }
      if (Copy(result, (Length(result)), 1) = '\') then
         Delete(result, Length(result), 1);

      path_str := Copy(path_str,(semic_pos + 1),
                       (length(path_str) - semic_pos));
      Get_next_dir := result;
  end;  { Of function get_next_dir }

begin
  { The following is a kludge which makes the function Get_next_dir easier  }
  { to implement. By appending a semi-colon to the end of the path         }
  { Get_next_dir doesn't need to handle the special case of the last entry }
  { which normally doesn't have a semic afterwards. It may be a kludge,    }
  { but it's a documented kludge (you might even call it a refinement).    }
  path_str := GetEnv('Path') + ';';

  if (paramCount = 0) then
  begin
    WriteLn('Whence: V', program_version, ' from ', program_date);
    Writeln;
    WriteLn('Usage: WHENCE command[.extension]');
    WriteLn;
    WriteLn('Whence is a ''find file''type utility witha difference');
    Writeln('There are are already more than enough of those :-)');
    Write  ('Use Whence when you''re not sure where a command which you ');
    WriteLn('want to invoke');
    WriteLn('actually resides.');
    Write  ('If you intend to invoke the command with an extension e.g ');
    Writeln('"my_cmd.exe param"');
    Write  ('then invoke Whence with the same extension e.g ');
    WriteLn('"Whence my_cmd.exe"');
    Write  ('otherwise a simple "Whence my_cmd" will suffice; Whence will ');
    Write  ('then search the current directory and each directory in the ');
    Write  ('for My_cmd.com, then My_cmd.exe and lastly for my_cmd.bat, ');
    Write  ('just as DOS does');
    Halt(0);
  end;

  Fsplit(paramStr(1), command_directory, command_name, command_extension);
  if (command_directory <> '') then
  begin
WriteLn('directory detected *', command_directory, '*');
    Halt(0);
  end;

  if (command_extension <> '') then
  begin
    path_str := Fsearch(paramstr(1), '');    { Current directory }
    if   (path_str <> '') then WriteLn('Dos command = "', Fexpand(path_str), '"')
    else
    begin
      path_str := Fsearch(paramstr(1), GetEnv('path'));
      if (path_str <> '') then WriteLn('Dos command = "', Fexpand(path_str), '"')
                          else Writeln('command not found in path.');
    end;
  end
  else
  begin
    { O.K, the way it works, DOS looks for a command firstly in the current  }
    { directory, then in each directory in the Path. If no extension is      }
    { given and several commands of the same name exist, then .COM has       }
    { priority over .EXE, has priority over .BAT                             }

    Check_for(paramstr(1) + '.com');     { won't return if file is found }
    Check_for(paramstr(1) + '.exe');
    Check_for(paramstr(1) + '.bat');

    { Not in current directory, search through path ... }

    search_dir := Get_next_dir;

    while (search_dir <> '') do
    begin
       Check_for(search_dir + '\' + paramstr(1) + '.com');
       Check_for(search_dir + '\' + paramstr(1) + '.exe');
       Check_for(search_dir + '\' + paramstr(1) + '.bat');
       search_dir := Get_next_dir;
    end;

    WriteLn('DOS command not found: ', paramstr(1));
  end;
end.

Answer 13

无库存Windows,但它是由提供服务的UNIX并且有完成同样的事情,例如这几个简单的批处理脚本漂浮这一个.

Answer 14

我在Windows上找到的这个最好的版本是Joseph Newcomer的"whereis"实用程序,可从他的网站获得(带源代码).

关于"whereis"发展的文章值得一读.

Answer 15

我在互联网上找到的Unix的Win32端口都不是satistactory,因为它们都有一个或多个这些缺点:

• 不支持Windows PATHEXT变量.(它定义了在扫描路径之前隐含地添加到每个命令的扩展名列表,以及顺序.)(我使用了很多tcl脚本,并且没有公开可用的工具可以找到它们.)
• 不支持cmd.exe代码页,这使得它们错误地显示非ascii字符的路径.(我对此很敏感,用我的名字ç:-))
• 不支持cmd.exe和PowerShell命令行中的不同搜索规则.(没有公开可用的工具会在PowerShell窗口中找到.ps1脚本,但不会在cmd窗口中找到!)

所以我最终写了自己的,这正确地支持了以上所有内容.

可在那里找到:http: //jf.larvoire.free.fr/progs/which.exe

Answer 16

此批处理文件使用CMD变量处理来查找将在路径中执行的命令.注意:当前目录始终在路径之前完成,并且根据使用的API调用,在路径之前/之后搜索其他位置.

@echo off
echo. 
echo PathFind - Finds the first file in in a path
echo ======== = ===== === ===== ==== == == = ====
echo. 
echo Searching for %1 in %path%
echo. 
set a=%~$PATH:1
If "%a%"=="" (Echo %1 not found) else (echo %1 found at %a%)

请参阅set /?寻求帮助.

Answer 17

你可以先从Downloading Git安装Git ,然后打开Git Bash并输入:

which app-name

Answer 18

我正在使用GOW(Windows上的GNU),它是Cygwin的简易版本.你可以在这里从GitHub获取它.

GOW(Windows上的GNU)是Cygwin的轻量级替代品.它使用方便的Windows安装程序安装大约130个非常有用的开源UNIX应用程序,这些应用程序编译为本机win32二进制文件.它设计得尽可能小,大约10 MB,而Cygwin则可以运行超过100 MB,具体取决于选项.- 关于描述(Brent R. Matzelle)

GOW中包含的命令列表的屏幕截图:

Answer 19

我创建了类似于Ned Batchelder的工具:

在PATH中搜索.dll和.exe文件

虽然我的工具主要用于搜索各种dll版本,但它显示更多信息(日期,大小,版本),但它不使用PATHEXT(我希望尽快更新我的工具).

Answer 20

只需发布此 Windows 的单行批处理文件：

C:>type wh.cmd
@for %%f in (%*) do for %%e in (%PATHEXT% .dll .lnk) do for %%b in (%%f%%e) do for %%d in (%PATH%) do if exist %%d\%%b echo %%d\%%b

一个测试：

C:>wh ssh
C:\cygwin64\bin\ssh.EXE
C:\Windows\System32\OpenSSH\\ssh.EXE

如果将代码包装在setlocal enableextensions和中，则不是单行代码endlocal。