那些遇到过的问题

XSD的可追溯性

bla*_*rno 5 xml xsd requirements traceability

我正在尝试让我的XML模式处理一些可跟踪性功能,因为我在阅读一些功能规范时收集了需求.(不适合需求管理,但至少它是一个开始.)

我正在做的是为我目前正在阅读的每个功能规范创建一个< functionalSpec>标签.我为我找到的每个要求创建了< requirement>标签.由于我希望能够跟踪需求的来源,因此我创建了一个< trace>元素,其id为< functionalSpec>元素.我希望XSD能够验证并确保我只输入现有功能规范中存在的id,而不是允许自己在< functionalSpecId>标签中输入任何普通旧文本.我的问题出现在XML Schema W3C Recommendations中文档说我想做的事是不可能的.(大约1/2路)

{selector}指定相对于正在声明的元素的实例的受限XPath([XPath])表达式.这必须标识约束适用的从属元素的节点集(即包含在声明的元素中).

我正在使用Oxygen创建这个,因为我对XSD文件相当新,它给了我以下错误:

E [Xerces] Identity Constraint error:identity constraint"KeyRef @ 1045a2"有一个keyref,它指的是超出范围的密钥或唯一.

所以我的问题是,有没有人知道一种方法,允许我通过使用XSD使用我下面的相同的XML结构？

下面是XML文件.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<srs xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="srs req2.xsd"
    xmlns="srs">

<requirements>

<requirement DateCreated="2010-06-11" id="1">
    <Text>The system shall...</Text>
    <trace>
        <functionalSpecId>B010134</functionalSpecId>
    </trace>
    <revisions>
        <revision date="2010-06-11" num="0">
            <description>Initial creation.</description>
        </revision>
    </revisions>
</requirement>

</requirements>

<functionalSpecs>

    <functionalSpec id="B010134" model="Model-T">
        <trace>
            <meeting></meeting>
        </trace>
        <revisions>
            <revision date="2009-07-08" num="0">
                <description>Initial creation.</description>
            </revision>
            <detailer>Me</detailer>
            <engineer>Me</engineer>
        </revisions>
    </functionalSpec>

</functionalSpecs>
</srs>
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下面是XSD文件.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<xs:schema
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  targetNamespace="srs"
  xmlns="srs"
  xmlns:srs="srs"
  elementFormDefault="qualified">

  <!-- SRS -->

  <xs:element name="srs" type="SRSType">
  </xs:element>

  <xs:complexType name="SRSType">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element ref="requirements" />
      <xs:element ref="functionalSpecs" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>

  <!-- Requirements -->

  <xs:element name="requirements" type="RequirementsType">
    <xs:unique name="requirementId">
      <xs:selector xpath="srs/requirements/requirement" />
      <xs:field xpath="@id" />
    </xs:unique>
  </xs:element>

  <xs:complexType name="RequirementsType">
    <xs:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <xs:element name="requirement" type="RequirementType" />
    </xs:choice>
  </xs:complexType>

  <xs:complexType name="RequirementType">
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:extension base="RequirementInfo">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="trace" type="TraceType" maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="1" />
          <xs:element name="revisions" type="RequirementRevisions" />
        </xs:sequence>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>

  <xs:complexType name="RequirementRevisions">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element name="revision" type="RevisionInfo" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>

  <xs:complexType name="RequirementInfo">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element name="Text" type="Description" />
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attribute name="DateCreated" type="xs:date" use="required" />
    <xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:integer" use="required" />
  </xs:complexType>

  <!-- Functional Specs -->

  <xs:element name="functionalSpecs" type="FunctionalSpecsType">
    <xs:unique name="functionalSpecId">
      <xs:selector xpath="srs/functionalSpecs/functionalSpec" />
      <xs:field xpath="@id" />
    </xs:unique>
  </xs:element>

  <xs:complexType name="FunctionalSpecsType">
    <xs:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <xs:element name="functionalSpec" type="FunctionalSpecType" />
    </xs:choice>
  </xs:complexType>

  <xs:complexType name="FunctionalSpecType">
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:extension base="FunctionalSpecInfo">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="trace" type="TraceType" maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="1" />
          <xs:element name="revisions" type="FunctionalSpecRevisions" />
        </xs:sequence>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>

  <xs:complexType name="FunctionalSpecRevisions">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element name="revision" type="RevisionInfo" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
      <xs:element name="detailer" type="xs:string" />
      <xs:element name="engineer" type="xs:string" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>

  <xs:complexType name="FunctionalSpecInfo">
    <xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:string" use="required" />
    <xs:attribute name="model" type="xs:string" use="required" />
  </xs:complexType>

  <!-- Requirements, Functional Specs -->

  <xs:complexType name="TraceType">
    <xs:choice>
      <xs:element name="requirementId">
        <xs:keyref refer="requirementId" name="requirementIdRef">
          <xs:selector xpath="srs/requirements/requirement" />
          <xs:field xpath="@id" />
        </xs:keyref>
      </xs:element>
      <xs:element name="functionalSpecId">
        <xs:keyref refer="functionalSpecId" name="functionalSpecIdRef">
          <xs:selector xpath="srs/functionalSpecs/functionalSpec" />
          <xs:field xpath="@id" />
        </xs:keyref>
      </xs:element>
      <xs:element name="meeting" />
    </xs:choice>
  </xs:complexType>

  <!-- Common -->

  <xs:complexType name="RevisionInfo">
    <xs:choice>
      <xs:element name="description" type="Description" />
    </xs:choice>
    <xs:attribute name="date" type="xs:date" use="required" />
    <xs:attribute name="num" type="xs:integer" use="required" />
  </xs:complexType>

  <xs:complexType name="Description" mixed="true">
    <xs:simpleContent>
      <xs:extension base="xs:string">
        <xs:attribute name="Date" type="xs:date" />
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:simpleContent>
  </xs:complexType>

</xs:schema>
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小智 3

我很确定我已经完成了您想要在这里实现的目标。诀窍是在更高级别定义 unique、key 和 keyref 约束（在您的情况下为 srs 元素）。下面是一些代码示例，用于检查 item/@name 中是否定义了“require”元素：

请注意如何在项目级别定义约束。

<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified">
    <xs:element name="item">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element ref="special" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                <xs:element ref="requires" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            </xs:sequence>
            <xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
            <xs:attribute name="mana" type="xs:int"/>
            <xs:attribute name="life" type="xs:int"/>
            <xs:attribute name="manaRegen" type="xs:int"/>
            <xs:attribute name="hitRegen" type="xs:int"/>
            <xs:attribute name="damage" type="xs:int"/>
            <xs:attribute name="armor" type="xs:int"/>
            <xs:attribute name="attackSpeed" type="xs:int"/>
            <xs:attribute name="moveSpeed" type="xs:int"/>
            <xs:attribute name="str" type="xs:int"/>
            <xs:attribute name="agi" type="xs:int"/>
            <xs:attribute name="int" type="xs:int"/>
            <xs:attribute name="cost" type="xs:int" use="required"/>
            <xs:attribute name="image"/>
        </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>
    <xs:element name="items">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element ref="shop" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            </xs:sequence>
            <xs:attribute name="version" type="xs:string"/>
        </xs:complexType>
        <xs:unique name="uniqueItemNames">
            <xs:selector xpath="shop/item"/>
            <xs:field xpath="@name"/>
        </xs:unique>
        <xs:unique name="uniqueShopNames">
            <xs:selector xpath="shop"/>
            <xs:field xpath="@name"/>
        </xs:unique>
        <xs:key name="itemKey">
            <xs:selector xpath="shop/item"/>
            <xs:field xpath="@name"/>
        </xs:key>
        <xs:keyref name="requiresValue" refer="itemKey">
            <xs:selector xpath="shop/item/requires"/>
            <xs:field xpath="."/>
        </xs:keyref>
    </xs:element>
    <xs:element name="requires" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:element name="shop">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element ref="item" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            </xs:sequence>
            <xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
        </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>
    <xs:simpleType name="specialType">
        <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
            <xs:enumeration value="Activate"/>
            <xs:enumeration value="Aura"/>
            <xs:enumeration value="Effect"/>
            <xs:enumeration value="Orb"/>
            <xs:enumeration value="Info"/>
        </xs:restriction>
    </xs:simpleType>
    <xs:element name="special">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:simpleContent>
                <xs:extension base="xs:string">
                    <xs:attribute name="type" type="specialType" use="required"/>
                    <xs:attribute name="mana" type="xs:int"/>
                    <xs:attribute name="cooldown" type="xs:int"/>
                    <xs:attribute name="chance" type="xs:int"/>
                </xs:extension>
            </xs:simpleContent>
        </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>
</xs:schema>
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XML 示例：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<items xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="dota.xsd" version="6.52d">
    <shop name="Leragas The Vile">
        <item name="Demon's Edge" image="FrostMourne.gif" cost="2600" damage="36"/>
        <item name="Eaglehorn" image="INV_Weapon_Bow_06.gif" cost="3300" agi="25"/>
        <item name="Messerschmidt's Reaver" image="SpiritWalkerMasterTraining.gif" cost="3200" str="25"/>
        <item name="Sacred Relic" image="StaffOfTeleportation.gif" cost="3800" damage="60"/>
        <item name="Hyperstone" image="Periapt1.gif" cost="2100" attackSpeed="55"/>
        <item name="Ring of Health" image="GoldRing.gif" cost="875" hitRegen="5"/>
        <item name="Void Stone" image="Periapt.gif" cost="875" manaRegen="100"/>
        <item name="Mystic Staff" image="StaffOfNegation.gif" cost="2700" int="25"/>
        <item name="Energy Booster" image="EnchantedGemstone.gif" cost="1000" mana="250"/>
        <item name="Point Booster" image="UsedSoulGem.gif" cost="1200" life="200" mana="150"/>
        <item name="Vitality Booster" image="SoulGem.gif" cost="1100" life="250"/>
    </shop>
    <shop name="Level 1 (Human) Recipes">
        <item name="Perseverance" image="OrbOfFire.gif" cost="0"  damage="10" hitRegen="5" manaRegen="125">
            <requires>Ring of Health</requires>
            <requires>Void Stone</requires>
        </item>
        <item name="Headdress of Rejuvenation" image="INV_Helmet_17.gif" cost="225" agi="2" int="2" str="2">
            <special type="Aura">+2 HP/Sec regen (500 AoE)</special>
            <requires>Ring of Regeneration</requires>
            <requires>Ironwood Branch</requires>
        </item>

    </shop>

</items>
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