为什么带有SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.withAfterClasses方法的神秘的MultipleFailureException错误消息

Question

为什么我的弹簧测试设置失败,下面没有如此有用的错误消息？所有建议表示赞赏.

JUnit输出

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/runners/model/MultipleFailureException
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.withAfterClasses(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:188)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.classBlock(ParentRunner.java:145)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:235)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:163)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.junit.runners.model.MultipleFailureException
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
... 10 more

控制台输出

INFO:org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper - 从位置[META-INF/spring.factories]加载默认的TestExecutionListener类名:[org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener,org.springframework.test. context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener,org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener,org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener,org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener] INFO:org.springframework.test. context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper - 无法实例化TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener].指定自定义侦听器类或使默认侦听器类(及其所需的依赖项)可用.违规类:[org/springframework/transaction/interceptor/TransactionAttribute] INFO:org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper - 无法实例化TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener].指定自定义侦听器类或使默认侦听器类(及其所需的依赖项)可用.违规类:[org/springframework/transaction/interceptor/TransactionAttributeSource] INFO:org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper - 使用TestExecutionListeners:[org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@76959acc,org.springframework. test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@57e603e6,org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@3e0a1e1f]

这是目标片段

@Service 

public class PipApps {

@Resource( name = "apps" )
private Properties apps;

@Autowired
private SitePreferenceHandler sitePreferenceHandler;

@Autowired
private PipsTable pipsTable;

private SitePreference sitePreference;

private Device device;  

public PipApps( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ){
    sitePreference = sitePreferenceHandler.handleSitePreference( request, response );
    device = DeviceUtils.getRequiredCurrentDevice( request );
}

public Properties getApps(){
    return apps;
}

public Device getDevice(){
    return device;
}

public SitePreference getSitePreference(){
    return sitePreference;
}

public DeviceRouteTable getPipsTable(){
    return pipsTable;
}
}

和测试片段

@RunWith( SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class )
@ContextConfiguration( locations={"src/test/resources/PipAppsTest-context.xml"} )

public class PipAppsTest {

@Mock
SitePreferenceHandler sitePreferenceHandler;

@Autowired
PipApps pipApps;

...
}

Answer 1

更新 - 2015年9月

如果JUnit 4.9不在类路径中,Spring Framework 4.2.2会抛出一个更有意义的异常.有关详细信息,请参阅SPR-13521.

以下是类级Javadoc的摘录SpringJUnit4ClassRunner:

注意:从Spring Framework 4.1开始,此类需要JUnit 4.9或更高版本.

有问题的类MultipleFailureException是在JUnit 4.9中引入的.

所以这就是你的测试失败的原因ClassNotFoundException.

因此,升级到JUnit 4.9(或最好是4.12)将解决您的问题.

问候,

Sam(Spring TestContext Framework的作者)