如何在PHP中获取客户端IP地址

Question

如何使用PHP获取客户端IP地址？

我想记录通过他/她的IP地址登录我网站的用户.

Answer 1

无论您做什么,请确保不要信任从客户端发送的数据.$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']包含连接方的真实IP地址.这是您可以找到的最可靠的价值.

但是,它们可能位于代理服务器后面,在这种情况下代理可能已经设置了$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'],但这个值很容易被欺骗.例如,它可以由没有代理的人设置,或者IP可以是来自代理后面的LAN的内部IP.

这意味着如果您要保存$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'],请确保您还保存该$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']值.例如,将两个值保存在数据库的不同字段中.

如果要将IP保存为数据库作为字符串,请确保至少有45个字符的空间.IPv6将保留,并且这些地址大于旧的IPv4地址.

(请注意,IPv6通常最多使用39个字符,但对于IPv4地址也有一种特殊的IPv6表示法,其完整形式最多可包含45个字符.因此,如果您知道自己在做什么,则可以使用39个字符,但如果您只是想设置并忘记它,使用45).

Answer 2

$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']实际上可能不包含真实的客户端IP地址,因为它将为您提供通过代理连接的客户端的代理地址.这可能是你真正想要的,取决于你对IP的做法.如果您说,尝试查看您的流量源自哪里,或者记住用户上次连接的IP,代理或NAT网关的公共IP可能更多,那么某人的私有RFC1918地址可能对您没有任何帮助.适合存放.

有几个HTTP标头X-Forwarded-For可能会或可能不会由各种代理设置.问题是那些只是HTTP标头,任何人都可以设置.他们的内容无法保证.$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']是Web服务器从其接收连接并将响应发送到的实际物理IP地址.其他任何事情都只是随意和自愿的信息.只有一种情况可以信任此信息:您正在控制设置此标头的代理.只有当你知道100%在哪里以及如何设置标题时才意味着你应该注意它的重要性.

话虽如此,这里有一些示例代码:

if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) {
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
} elseif (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
} else {
    $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
}

编者注:使用上面的代码有安全隐患.客户端可以将所有HTTP头信息(即.$_SERVER['HTTP_...)设置为它想要的任意值.因此,使用起来更加可靠$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'],因为用户无法设置.

来自:http://roshanbh.com.np/2007/12/getting-real-ip-address-in-php.html

Answer 3

echo $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];

http://php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.server.php

Answer 4

这是获取用户IP地址的好方法的清洁代码示例.

$ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] ? $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] : ($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] ? $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] : $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);

这是一个使用elvis运算符的较短版本:

$_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] ? : ($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] ? : $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);

这是一个使用isset删除通知的版本(谢谢你,@ shasi kanth):

$ip = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] : isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] : $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];

Answer 5

它应该包含在$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']变量中.

Answer 6

我最喜欢的解决方案是Zend Framework 2使用的方式.它还考虑了$_SERVER性能HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR,HTTP_CLIENT_IP,REMOTE_ADDR,但它声明一个类为它设置一些值得信赖的代理,并返回一个IP地址,而不是一个数组.我认为这是最接近它的解决方案:

class RemoteAddress
{
    /**
     * Whether to use proxy addresses or not.
     *
     * As default this setting is disabled - IP address is mostly needed to increase
     * security. HTTP_* are not reliable since can easily be spoofed. It can be enabled
     * just for more flexibility, but if user uses proxy to connect to trusted services
     * it's his/her own risk, only reliable field for IP address is $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'].
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $useProxy = false;

    /**
     * List of trusted proxy IP addresses
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $trustedProxies = array();

    /**
     * HTTP header to introspect for proxies
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $proxyHeader = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR';

    // [...]

    /**
     * Returns client IP address.
     *
     * @return string IP address.
     */
    public function getIpAddress()
    {
        $ip = $this->getIpAddressFromProxy();
        if ($ip) {
            return $ip;
        }

        // direct IP address
        if (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
            return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
        }

        return '';
    }

    /**
     * Attempt to get the IP address for a proxied client
     *
     * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-10#section-5.2
     * @return false|string
     */
    protected function getIpAddressFromProxy()
    {
        if (!$this->useProxy
            || (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) && !in_array($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], $this->trustedProxies))
        ) {
            return false;
        }

        $header = $this->proxyHeader;
        if (!isset($_SERVER[$header]) || empty($_SERVER[$header])) {
            return false;
        }

        // Extract IPs
        $ips = explode(',', $_SERVER[$header]);
        // trim, so we can compare against trusted proxies properly
        $ips = array_map('trim', $ips);
        // remove trusted proxy IPs
        $ips = array_diff($ips, $this->trustedProxies);

        // Any left?
        if (empty($ips)) {
            return false;
        }

        // Since we've removed any known, trusted proxy servers, the right-most
        // address represents the first IP we do not know about -- i.e., we do
        // not know if it is a proxy server, or a client. As such, we treat it
        // as the originating IP.
        // @see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For
        $ip = array_pop($ips);
        return $ip;
    }

    // [...]
}

请在此处查看完整代码:https: //raw.githubusercontent.com/zendframework/zend-http/master/src/PhpEnvironment/RemoteAddress.php

Answer 7

因特网背后有不同类型的用户,因此我们希望从不同的部分捕获IP地址.那些是:

1.$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] - 包含客户端的真实IP地址.这是您可以从用户那里找到的最可靠的价值.

2.$_SERVER['REMOTE_HOST'] - 这将获取用户正在查看当前页面的主机名.但是要使此脚本生效,必须配置httpd.conf内部的主机名查找.

3.$_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] - 当用户来自共享Internet服务时,这将获取IP地址.

4.$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] - 当他/她在代理后面时,这将从用户获取IP地址.

因此,我们可以使用以下组合功能来获取在不同位置查看的用户的真实IP地址,

// Function to get the user IP address
function getUserIP() {
    $ipaddress = '';
    if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']))
        $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
    else if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']))
        $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
    else if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']))
        $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'];
    else if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']))
        $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP'];
    else if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']))
        $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'];
    else if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']))
        $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'];
    else if(isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']))
        $ipaddress = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
    else
        $ipaddress = 'UNKNOWN';
    return $ipaddress;
}

Answer 8

以下是我发现的最先进的方法,过去我已经尝试了其他方法.确保获取访问者的IP地址是有效的(但请注意,任何黑客都可以轻易伪造IP地址).

function get_ip_address() {

    // Check for shared Internet/ISP IP
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) {
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
    }

    // Check for IP addresses passing through proxies
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {

        // Check if multiple IP addresses exist in var
        if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'], ',') !== false) {
            $iplist = explode(',', $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']);
            foreach ($iplist as $ip) {
                if (validate_ip($ip))
                    return $ip;
            }
        }
        else {
            if (validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']))
                return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
        }
    }
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']))
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'];
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']))
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP'];
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']))
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'];
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']))
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'];

    // Return unreliable IP address since all else failed
    return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
}

/**
 * Ensures an IP address is both a valid IP address and does not fall within
 * a private network range.
 */
function validate_ip($ip) {

    if (strtolower($ip) === 'unknown')
        return false;

    // Generate IPv4 network address
    $ip = ip2long($ip);

    // If the IP address is set and not equivalent to 255.255.255.255
    if ($ip !== false && $ip !== -1) {
        // Make sure to get unsigned long representation of IP address
        // due to discrepancies between 32 and 64 bit OSes and
        // signed numbers (ints default to signed in PHP)
        $ip = sprintf('%u', $ip);

        // Do private network range checking
        if ($ip >= 0 && $ip <= 50331647)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 167772160 && $ip <= 184549375)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 2130706432 && $ip <= 2147483647)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 2851995648 && $ip <= 2852061183)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 2886729728 && $ip <= 2887778303)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 3221225984 && $ip <= 3221226239)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 3232235520 && $ip <= 3232301055)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 4294967040)
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

资料来源:http://blackbe.lt/advanced-method-to-obtain-the-client-ip-in-php/

Answer 9

答案是使用$_SERVER变量.例如,$_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"]将返回客户端的IP地址.

Answer 10

function get_client_ip()
{
    foreach (array(
                'HTTP_CLIENT_IP',
                'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR',
                'HTTP_X_FORWARDED',
                'HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP',
                'HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR',
                'HTTP_FORWARDED',
                'REMOTE_ADDR') as $key) {
        if (array_key_exists($key, $_SERVER)) {
            foreach (explode(',', $_SERVER[$key]) as $ip) {
                $ip = trim($ip);
                if ((bool) filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP,
                                FILTER_FLAG_IPV4 |
                                FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE |
                                FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE)) {
                    return $ip;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return null;
}

或压缩版本：

function get_ip() {
    foreach (array('HTTP_CLIENT_IP', 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED', 'HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP', 'HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR', 'HTTP_FORWARDED', 'REMOTE_ADDR') as $key) {
        if (array_key_exists($key, $_SERVER) === true) {
            foreach (array_map('trim', explode(',', $_SERVER[$key])) as $ip) {
                if (filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE | FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE) !== false) {
                    return $ip;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 11

这里有一些代码应该通过检查各种来源来选择一个有效的 IP。

首先，它检查“REMOTE_ADDR”是否是公共 IP（而不是您信任的反向代理之一），然后通过 HTTP 标头之一，直到找到公共 IP 并返回它。(PHP 5.2+)

只要反向代理可信或者服务器与客户端直接连接就应该是可靠的。

//Get client's IP or null if nothing looks valid
function ip_get($allow_private = false)
{
  //Place your trusted proxy server IPs here.
  $proxy_ip = ['127.0.0.1'];

  //The header to look for (Make sure to pick the one that your trusted reverse proxy is sending or else you can get spoofed)
  $header = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'; //HTTP_CLIENT_IP, HTTP_X_FORWARDED, HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR, HTTP_FORWARDED

  //If 'REMOTE_ADDR' seems to be a valid client IP, use it.
  if(ip_check($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], $allow_private, $proxy_ip)) return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];

  if(isset($_SERVER[$header]))
  {
    //Split comma separated values [1] in the header and traverse the proxy chain backwards.
    //[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For#Format
    $chain = array_reverse(preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', $_SERVER[$header]));
    foreach($chain as $ip) if(ip_check($ip, $allow_private, $proxy_ip)) return $ip;
  }

   return null;
}

//Check for valid IP. If 'allow_private' flag is set to truthy, it allows private IP ranges as valid client IP as well. (10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16)
//Pass your trusted reverse proxy IPs as $proxy_ip to exclude them from being valid.
function ip_check($ip, $allow_private = false, $proxy_ip = [])
{
  if(!is_string($ip) || is_array($proxy_ip) && in_array($ip, $proxy_ip)) return false;
  $filter_flag = FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE;

  if(!$allow_private)
  {
    //Disallow loopback IP range which doesn't get filtered via 'FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE' [1]
    //[1] https://www.php.net/manual/en/filter.filters.validate.php
    if(preg_match('/^127\.$/', $ip)) return false;
    $filter_flag |= FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE;
  }

  return filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, $filter_flag) !== false;
}

Answer 12

正如所有其他人所说,您可以使用它$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];来获取客户端IP地址.

此外,如果您需要有关用户的更多信息,可以使用以下命令:

<?php
    $ip = '0.0.0.0';
    $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
    $clientDetails = json_decode(file_get_contents("http://ipinfo.io/$ip/json"));
    echo "You're logged in from: <b>" . $clientDetails->country . "</b>";
?>

客户端更具体的信息在$ clientDetails中.
您可以通过以下方式获取存储在$ clientDetails变量中的JSON项:$ clientDetails-> PostalCode/hostname/region/loc ...

我正在使用ipinfo.io获取额外信息.

Answer 13

我喜欢这个codesnippet:

function getClientIP() {

    if (isset($_SERVER)) {

        if (isset($_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"]))
            return $_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"];

        if (isset($_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"]))
            return $_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"];

        return $_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"];
    }

    if (getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'))
        return getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR');

    if (getenv('HTTP_CLIENT_IP'))
        return getenv('HTTP_CLIENT_IP');

    return getenv('REMOTE_ADDR');
}

Answer 14

这是我使用的方法,它验证IPv4输入:

// Get user IP address
if ( isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) && ! empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) {
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
} elseif ( isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']) && ! empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
} else {
    $ip = (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) ? $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] : '0.0.0.0';
}

$ip = filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP);
$ip = ($ip === false) ? '0.0.0.0' : $ip;

Answer 15

$ip = "";

if (!empty($_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"]))
{
    // Check for IP address from shared Internet
    $ip = $_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"];
}
elseif (!empty($_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"]))
{
    // Check for the proxy user
    $ip = $_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"];
}
else
{
    $ip = $_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"];
}
echo $ip;

Answer 16

试试这个:

 $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];

Answer 17

好吧,这可以通过使用GLOBAL名为as 的变量来完成$_SERVER.

这$_SERVER是一个具有属性名称的数组REMOTE_ADDR.

只需像这样分配:

$userIp = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];

或直接使用它echo $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; 或echo ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);.

Answer 18

其中之一 ：

    $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'];
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'];
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'];

Answer 19

以下函数确定所有可能性，并以逗号分隔的格式（ip，ip等）返回值。

它还具有一个可选的验证功能作为（默认情况下禁用的第一个参数），以根据（专用范围和保留范围）验证IP地址。

<?php
echo GetClientIP(true);

function GetClientIP($validate = False) {
  $ipkeys = array(
  'REMOTE_ADDR',
  'HTTP_CLIENT_IP',
  'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR',
  'HTTP_X_FORWARDED',
  'HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR',
  'HTTP_FORWARDED',
  'HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP'
  );

  /*
  Now we check each key against $_SERVER if containing such value
  */
  $ip = array();
  foreach ($ipkeys as $keyword) {
    if (isset($_SERVER[$keyword])) {
      if ($validate) {
        if (ValidatePublicIP($_SERVER[$keyword])) {
          $ip[] = $_SERVER[$keyword];
        }
      }
      else{
        $ip[] = $_SERVER[$keyword];
      }
    }
  }

  $ip = ( empty($ip) ? 'Unknown' : implode(", ", $ip) );
  return $ip;
}

function ValidatePublicIP($ip){
  if (filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE | FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE)) {
    return true;
  }
  else {
    return false;
  }
}

Answer 20

此功能非常紧凑，您可以在任何地方使用它。但！

不要忘记这个！在此类功能或代码块中，不能保证记录用户的真实IP地址，因为某些用户可以使用代理服务器或其他安全网关来使其不可见或无法跟踪

PHP功能：

function GetIP()
{
    if ( getenv("HTTP_CLIENT_IP") ) {
        $ip = getenv("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
    } elseif ( getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR") ) {
        $ip = getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
        if ( strstr($ip, ',') ) {
            $tmp = explode(',', $ip);
            $ip = trim($tmp[0]);
        }
    } else {
        $ip = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR");
    }
    return $ip;
}

用法：

$IP = GetIP(); 或直接 GetIP();

Answer 21

用于获取 IP 地址的安全和警告感知代码段：

$ip = filter_input(INPUT_SERVER, 'HTTP_CLIENT_IP', FILTER_VALIDATE_IP)
    ?: filter_input(INPUT_SERVER, 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', FILTER_VALIDATE_IP)
    ?: $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']
    ?? '0.0.0.0'; // Or other value fits "not defined" in your logic

Answer 22

<?php
/**
 * Function to get the client ip address
 *
 * @return string The Ip address
 */
function getIp(): string {
    if (! empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) {
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
    }

    if (! empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
    }

    return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ?? '?';
}

甚至更小

/**
 * Function to get the client ip address
 *
 * @return string The Ip address
 */
function getIp(): string {
    return $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] ?? $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] ?? $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ?? '';
}

Answer 23

快速解决方案（无错误）

function getClientIP()
{
    $ipaddress = 'UNKNOWN';
    $keys=array('HTTP_CLIENT_IP','HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR','HTTP_X_FORWARDED','HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR','HTTP_FORWARDED','REMOTE_ADDR');
    foreach($keys as $k)
    {
        if (isset($_SERVER[$k]) && !empty($_SERVER[$k]) && filter_var($_SERVER[$k], FILTER_VALIDATE_IP))
        {
            $ipaddress = $_SERVER[$k];
            break;
        }
    }
    return $ipaddress;
}