VBA可以跨越Excel的实例吗？

Question

VBA可以跨越Excel的实例吗？

I. *_*edy 29 excel vba excel-vba

在一个Excel实例中运行的Excel VBA宏是否可以访问另一个正在运行的Excel实例的工作簿？例如,我想创建一个在任何正在运行的Excel实例中打开的所有工作簿的列表.

Answer 1

For*_*oop 31

科尼利厄斯的回答是部分正确的.他的代码获取当前实例,然后创建一个新实例.无论有多少实例可用,GetObject都只获得第一个实例.我相信的问题是如何从许多实例中获取特定实例.

对于VBA项目,使用一个名为Command1的命令按钮创建两个模块,一个代码模块,另一个作为表单.您可能需要添加对Microsoft.Excel的引用.

此代码在"立即"窗口中显示每个运行的Excel实例的每个工作簿的所有名称.

'------------- Code Module --------------

Option Explicit

Declare Function FindWindowEx Lib "User32" Alias "FindWindowExA" (ByVal hWnd1 As Long, ByVal hWnd2 As Long, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As Long
Declare Function GetClassName Lib "User32" Alias "GetClassNameA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal nMaxCount As Long) As Long
Declare Function IIDFromString Lib "ole32" (ByVal lpsz As Long, ByRef lpiid As UUID) As Long
Declare Function AccessibleObjectFromWindow Lib "oleacc" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal dwId As Long, ByRef riid As UUID, ByRef ppvObject As Object) As Long

Type UUID 'GUID
  Data1 As Long
  Data2 As Integer
  Data3 As Integer
  Data4(7) As Byte
End Type

'------------- Form Module --------------

Option Explicit

Const IID_IDispatch As String = "{00020400-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}"
Const OBJID_NATIVEOM As Long = &HFFFFFFF0

'Sub GetAllWorkbookWindowNames()
Sub Command1_Click()
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

    Dim hWndMain As Long
    hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, 0&, "XLMAIN", vbNullString)

    Do While hWndMain <> 0
        GetWbkWindows hWndMain
        hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, hWndMain, "XLMAIN", vbNullString)
    Loop

    Exit Sub

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetAllWorkbookWindowNames" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description
End Sub

Private Sub GetWbkWindows(ByVal hWndMain As Long)
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

    Dim hWndDesk As Long
    hWndDesk = FindWindowEx(hWndMain, 0&, "XLDESK", vbNullString)

    If hWndDesk <> 0 Then
        Dim hWnd As Long
        hWnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, 0, vbNullString, vbNullString)

        Dim strText As String
        Dim lngRet As Long
        Do While hWnd <> 0
            strText = String$(100, Chr$(0))
            lngRet = GetClassName(hWnd, strText, 100)

            If Left$(strText, lngRet) = "EXCEL7" Then
                GetExcelObjectFromHwnd hWnd
                Exit Sub
            End If

            hWnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, hWnd, vbNullString, vbNullString)
            Loop

        On Error Resume Next
    End If

    Exit Sub

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetWbkWindows" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description
End Sub

Public Function GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(ByVal hWnd As Long) As Boolean
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

    Dim fOk As Boolean
    fOk = False

    Dim iid As UUID
    Call IIDFromString(StrPtr(IID_IDispatch), iid)

    Dim obj As Object
    If AccessibleObjectFromWindow(hWnd, OBJID_NATIVEOM, iid, obj) = 0 Then 'S_OK
        Dim objApp As Excel.Application
        Set objApp = obj.Application
        Debug.Print objApp.Workbooks(1).Name

        Dim myWorksheet As Worksheet
        For Each myWorksheet In objApp.Workbooks(1).Worksheets
            Debug.Print "     " & myWorksheet.Name
            DoEvents
        Next

        fOk = True
    End If

    GetExcelObjectFromHwnd = fOk

    Exit Function

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetExcelObjectFromHwnd" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description
End Function

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Answer 2

Mar*_*rek 8

我相信VBA比Charles想象的更强大;)

如果只有一些棘手的方法指向GetObject和CreateObject中的特定实例,我们将解决您的问题!

编辑:

如果您是所有实例的创建者,那么列出工作簿应该没有问题.看看这段代码:

Sub Excels()
    Dim currentExcel As Excel.Application
    Dim newExcel As Excel.Application

    Set currentExcel = GetObject(, "excel.application")
    Set newExcel = CreateObject("excel.application")

    newExcel.Visible = True
    newExcel.Workbooks.Add
    'and so on...
End Sub

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Answer 3

Fla*_*ker 6

我认为在VBA中,您可以访问另一个正在运行的实例中的应用程序对象.如果您知道在另一个实例中打开的工作簿的名称,那么您可以获得对该应用程序对象的引用.请参阅Allen Waytt的页面

最后一部分,

Dim xlApp As Excel.Application Set xlApp = GetObject("c:\mypath\ExampleBook.xlsx").Application

允许我获取指向已ExampleBook.xlsx打开实例的应用程序对象的指针.

我相信"ExampleBook"需要成为完整的路径,至少在Excel 2010中.我正在尝试自己,所以我会尝试更新,因为我得到更多的细节.

如果单独的实例打开相同的工作簿,可能会出现并发症,但只有一个可能具有写访问权限.

Answer 4

Jam*_*die 6

感谢这篇精彩的帖子,我有一个例程,可以找到当前在机器上运行的所有Excel应用程序的数组.麻烦的是,我刚刚升级到Office 2013 64位,一切都出错了.

转换... Declare Function ...成通常的faff,在... Declare PtrSafe Function ...其他地方有很好的记录.但是,我找不到任何文档的事实是,原始代码所需的窗口层次结构('XLMAIN' - >'XLDESK' - >'EXCEL7')在升级后发生了变化.对于跟随我的脚步的人来说,为了节省你一个下午的挖掘,我想我会发布我更新的脚本.这很难测试,但我认为它应该向后兼容以获得良好的衡量标准.

Option Explicit

#If Win64 Then

    Private Declare PtrSafe Function FindWindowEx Lib "user32" Alias "FindWindowExA" (ByVal hWnd1 As LongPtr, ByVal hWnd2 As LongPtr, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As LongPtr
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function GetClassName Lib "user32" Alias "GetClassNameA" (ByVal Hwnd As LongPtr, ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal nMaxCount As LongPtr) As LongPtr
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function IIDFromString Lib "ole32" (ByVal lpsz As LongPtr, ByRef lpiid As UUID) As LongPtr
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function AccessibleObjectFromWindow Lib "oleacc" (ByVal Hwnd As LongPtr, ByVal dwId As LongPtr, ByRef riid As UUID, ByRef ppvObject As Object) As LongPtr

#Else

    Private Declare Function FindWindowEx Lib "user32" Alias "FindWindowExA" (ByVal hWnd1 As Long, ByVal hWnd2 As Long, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As Long
    Private Declare Function GetClassName Lib "user32" Alias "GetClassNameA" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal nMaxCount As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function IIDFromString Lib "ole32" (ByVal lpsz As Long, ByRef lpiid As UUID) As Long
    Private Declare Function AccessibleObjectFromWindow Lib "oleacc" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal dwId As Long, ByRef riid As UUID, ByRef ppvObject As Object) As Long

#End If

Type UUID 'GUID
    Data1 As Long
    Data2 As Integer
    Data3 As Integer
    Data4(7) As Byte
End Type

Const IID_IDispatch As String = "{00020400-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}"
Const OBJID_NATIVEOM As LongPtr = &HFFFFFFF0

' Run as entry point of example
Public Sub Test()

Dim i As Long
Dim xlApps() As Application

    If GetAllExcelInstances(xlApps) Then
        For i = LBound(xlApps) To UBound(xlApps)
            If xlApps(i).Workbooks(1).Name <> ThisWorkbook.Name Then
                MsgBox (xlApps(i).Workbooks(1).Name)
            End If
        Next
    End If

End Sub

' Actual public facing function to be called in other code
Public Function GetAllExcelInstances(xlApps() As Application) As Long

On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

Dim n As Long
#If Win64 Then
    Dim hWndMain As LongPtr
#Else
    Dim hWndMain As Long
#End If
Dim app As Application

    ' Cater for 100 potential Excel instances, clearly could be better
    ReDim xlApps(1 To 100)

    hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, 0&, "XLMAIN", vbNullString)

    Do While hWndMain <> 0
        Set app = GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(hWndMain)
        If Not (app Is Nothing) Then
            If n = 0 Then
                n = n + 1
                Set xlApps(n) = app
            ElseIf checkHwnds(xlApps, app.Hwnd) Then
                n = n + 1
                Set xlApps(n) = app
            End If
        End If
        hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, hWndMain, "XLMAIN", vbNullString)
    Loop

    If n Then
        ReDim Preserve xlApps(1 To n)
        GetAllExcelInstances = n
    Else
        Erase xlApps
    End If

    Exit Function

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetAllExcelInstances" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description

End Function

#If Win64 Then
    Private Function checkHwnds(xlApps() As Application, Hwnd As LongPtr) As Boolean
#Else
    Private Function checkHwnds(xlApps() As Application, Hwnd As Long) As Boolean
#End If

Dim i As Integer

    For i = LBound(xlApps) To UBound(xlApps)
        If xlApps(i).Hwnd = Hwnd Then
            checkHwnds = False
            Exit Function
        End If
    Next i

    checkHwnds = True

End Function

#If Win64 Then
    Private Function GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(ByVal hWndMain As LongPtr) As Application
#Else
    Private Function GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(ByVal hWndMain As Long) As Application
#End If

On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

#If Win64 Then
    Dim hWndDesk As LongPtr
    Dim Hwnd As LongPtr
#Else
    Dim hWndDesk As Long
    Dim Hwnd As Long
#End If
Dim strText As String
Dim lngRet As Long
Dim iid As UUID
Dim obj As Object

    hWndDesk = FindWindowEx(hWndMain, 0&, "XLDESK", vbNullString)

    If hWndDesk <> 0 Then

        Hwnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, 0, vbNullString, vbNullString)

        Do While Hwnd <> 0

        strText = String$(100, Chr$(0))
        lngRet = CLng(GetClassName(Hwnd, strText, 100))

        If Left$(strText, lngRet) = "EXCEL7" Then

            Call IIDFromString(StrPtr(IID_IDispatch), iid)

            If AccessibleObjectFromWindow(Hwnd, OBJID_NATIVEOM, iid, obj) = 0 Then 'S_OK

                Set GetExcelObjectFromHwnd = obj.Application
                Exit Function

            End If

        End If

        Hwnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, Hwnd, vbNullString, vbNullString)
        Loop

        On Error Resume Next

    End If

    Exit Function

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetExcelObjectFromHwnd" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description

End Function

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我理解你的观点,但我觉得我正在解决原来的问题.自从问到/回答问题以来,Excel一直在继续前进,任何希望用今天的软件解决问题的人都需要做一些与众不同的事情.我提供了这个更新,这只是对原始答案的一个小调整. (3认同)

Answer 5

use*_*823 5

我有一个类似的问题/目标。

我得到了 ForEachLoops 答案，但需要做出改变。在底部函数 (GetExcelObjectFromHwnd) 中，他在两个 debug.print 命令中都使用了工作簿索引 1。结果是您只能看到第一个 WB。

所以我拿了他的代码，在 GetExcelObjectFromHwnd 里面放了一个 for 循环，把 1 改成了一个计数器。结果是我可以获得所有活动的 excel 工作簿并返回我需要跨 Excel 实例访问和访问其他 WB 的信息。

我创建了一个 Type 来简化信息的检索并将其传递回调用子例程：

Type TargetWBType
    name As String
    returnObj As Object
    returnApp As Excel.Application
    returnWBIndex As Integer
End Type

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对于名称，我只是使用了基本文件名，例如“example.xls”。此代码段通过在目标 WB 的每个 WS 上吐出 A6 的值来证明该功能。像这样：

Dim targetWB As TargetWBType
targetWB.name = "example.xls"

Call GetAllWorkbookWindowNames(targetWB)

If Not targetWB.returnObj Is Nothing Then
    Set targetWB.returnApp = targetWB.returnObj.Application
    Dim ws As Worksheet
    For Each ws In targetWB.returnApp.Workbooks(targetWB.returnWBIndex).Worksheets
        MsgBox ws.Range("A6").Value
    Next
Else
    MsgBox "Target WB Not found"
End If

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所以现在 ForEachLoop 最初制作的整个模块看起来像这样，我已经指出了我所做的更改。它确实有一个 msgbox 弹出窗口，我将其留在代码段中用于调试目的。一旦它找到你的目标，就把它去掉。编码：

Declare Function FindWindowEx Lib "User32" Alias "FindWindowExA" (ByVal hWnd1 As Long, ByVal hWnd2 As Long, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As Long
Declare Function GetClassName Lib "User32" Alias "GetClassNameA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal nMaxCount As Long) As Long
Declare Function IIDFromString Lib "ole32" (ByVal lpsz As Long, ByRef lpiid As UUID) As Long
Declare Function AccessibleObjectFromWindow Lib "oleacc" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal dwId As Long, ByRef riid As UUID, ByRef ppvObject As Object) As Long

Type UUID 'GUID
  Data1 As Long
  Data2 As Integer
  Data3 As Integer
  Data4(7) As Byte
End Type

'------------- Form Module --------------

Option Explicit

Const IID_IDispatch As String = "{00020400-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}"
Const OBJID_NATIVEOM As Long = &HFFFFFFF0

'My code: added targetWB
Sub GetAllWorkbookWindowNames(targetWB As TargetWBType)
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

    Dim hWndMain As Long
    hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, 0&, "XLMAIN", vbNullString)

    Do While hWndMain <> 0
        GetWbkWindows hWndMain, targetWB 'My code: added targetWB
        hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, hWndMain, "XLMAIN", vbNullString)
    Loop

    Exit Sub

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetAllWorkbookWindowNames" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description
End Sub

'My code: added targetWB
Private Sub GetWbkWindows(ByVal hWndMain As Long, targetWB As TargetWBType)
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

    Dim hWndDesk As Long
    hWndDesk = FindWindowEx(hWndMain, 0&, "XLDESK", vbNullString)

    If hWndDesk <> 0 Then
        Dim hWnd As Long
        hWnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, 0, vbNullString, vbNullString)

        Dim strText As String
        Dim lngRet As Long
        Do While hWnd <> 0
            strText = String$(100, Chr$(0))
            lngRet = GetClassName(hWnd, strText, 100)

            If Left$(strText, lngRet) = "EXCEL7" Then
                GetExcelObjectFromHwnd hWnd, targetWB 'My code: added targetWB
                Exit Sub
            End If

            hWnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, hWnd, vbNullString, vbNullString)
            Loop

        On Error Resume Next
    End If

    Exit Sub

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetWbkWindows" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description
End Sub

'My code: added targetWB
Public Function GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(ByVal hWnd As Long, targetWB As TargetWBType) As Boolean
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

    Dim fOk As Boolean
    fOk = False

    Dim iid As UUID
    Call IIDFromString(StrPtr(IID_IDispatch), iid)

    Dim obj As Object
    If AccessibleObjectFromWindow(hWnd, OBJID_NATIVEOM, iid, obj) = 0 Then 'S_OK
        Dim objApp As Excel.Application
        Set objApp = obj.Application

        'My code
        Dim wbCount As Integer
        For wbCount = 1 To objApp.Workbooks.Count
        'End my code

            'Not my code
            Debug.Print objApp.Workbooks(wbCount).name

            'My code
                If LCase(objApp.Workbooks(wbCount).name) = LCase(targetWB.name) Then
                    MsgBox ("Found target: " & targetWB.name)
                    Set targetWB.returnObj = obj
                    targetWB.returnWBIndex = wbCount
                End If
            'End My code

            'Not my code
            Dim myWorksheet As Worksheet
            For Each myWorksheet In objApp.Workbooks(wbCount).Worksheets
                Debug.Print "     " & myWorksheet.name
                DoEvents
            Next

        'My code
        Next
        'Not my code

        fOk = True
    End If

    GetExcelObjectFromHwnd = fOk

    Exit Function

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetExcelObjectFromHwnd" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description
End Function

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我再说一遍，这行得通，并且使用 TargetWB 类型中的变量，我可以跨 Excel 实例可靠地访问工作簿和工作表。

我在我的解决方案中看到的唯一潜在问题是，如果您有多个同名的 WB。现在，我相信它会返回该名称的最后一个实例。如果我们将 Exit For 添加到 If Then 我相信它会返回它的第一个实例。我没有彻底测试这部分，因为在我的应用程序中，只有一个打开的文件实例。

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