我有一个简单的数组:
arr = ["apples", "bananas", "coconuts", "watermelons"]
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我还有一个函数f,它将对单个字符串输入执行操作并返回一个值.这个操作非常昂贵,所以我想在hash中记住结果.
我知道我可以用这样的东西制作所需的哈希:
h = {}
arr.each { |a| h[a] = f(a) }
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我想做的是不必初始化h,这样我就可以这样写:
h = arr.(???) { |a| a => f(a) }
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可以这样做吗?
mic*_*ino 120
假设您有一个功能名称:"f"
def f(fruit)
fruit + "!"
end
arr = ["apples", "bananas", "coconuts", "watermelons"]
h = Hash[ *arr.collect { |v| [ v, f(v) ] }.flatten ]
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会给你:
{"watermelons"=>"watermelons!", "bananas"=>"bananas!", "apples"=>"apples!", "coconuts"=>"coconuts!"}
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更新:
正如评论中所提到的,Ruby 1.8.7为此引入了更好的语法:
h = Hash[arr.collect { |v| [v, f(v)] }]
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dma*_*ylo 52
在一些给定的答案上做了一些快速,肮脏的基准测试.(这些发现可能与您的基于Ruby版本,奇怪的缓存等不完全相同,但一般结果将类似.)
arr 是ActiveRecord对象的集合.
Benchmark.measure {
100000.times {
Hash[arr.map{ |a| [a.id, a] }]
}
}
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基准@real = 0.860651,@ cstime = 0.0,@ cutime = 0.0,@ stime = 0.0,@ utime = 0.8500000000000005,@ total = 0.8500000000000005
Benchmark.measure {
100000.times {
h = Hash[arr.collect { |v| [v.id, v] }]
}
}
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基准@real = 0.74612,@ cstime = 0.0,@ cutime = 0.0,@ stime = 0.010000000000000009,@ utime = 0.740000000000002,@ total = 0.750000000000002
Benchmark.measure {
100000.times {
hash = {}
arr.each { |a| hash[a.id] = a }
}
}
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基准@real = 0.627355,@ cstime = 0.0,@ cutime = 0.0,@ stime = 0.010000000000000009,@ utime = 0.6199999999999974,@ total = 0.6299999999999975
Benchmark.measure {
100000.times {
arr.each_with_object({}) { |v, h| h[v.id] = v }
}
}
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基准@real = 1.650568,@ cstime = 0.0,@ cutime = 0.0,@ stime = 0.12999999999999998,@ utime = 1.51,@ total = 1.64
仅仅因为Ruby具有表现力和动态性,并不意味着你应该总是选择最漂亮的解决方案.基本的每个循环在创建哈希时最快.
meg*_*gas 32
h = arr.each_with_object({}) { |v,h| h[v] = f(v) }
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Jör*_*tag 11
这就是我可能会写的:
h = Hash[arr.zip(arr.map(&method(:f)))]
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简单,清晰,明显,陈述性.你还能想要什么?
Tim*_*try 10
Ruby 2.6.0通过将一个块传递给to_h方法来实现较短的语法:
arr.to_h { |a| [a, f(a)] }
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I'm doing it like described in this great article http://robots.thoughtbot.com/iteration-as-an-anti-pattern#build-a-hash-from-an-array
array = ["apples", "bananas", "coconuts", "watermelons"]
hash = array.inject({}) { |h,fruit| h.merge(fruit => f(fruit)) }
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More info about inject method: http://ruby-doc.org/core-2.0.0/Enumerable.html#method-i-inject