在线的末端绘制标签

Question

我有以下数据(temp.dat请参阅完整数据的结束注释)

   Year State     Capex
1  2003   VIC  5.356415
2  2004   VIC  5.765232
3  2005   VIC  5.247276
4  2006   VIC  5.579882
5  2007   VIC  5.142464
...

我可以生成以下图表:

ggplot(temp.dat) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = Year, y = Capex, group = State, colour = State))

而不是传说,我喜欢标签

1. 颜色与系列相同
2. 每个系列的最后一个数据点的右侧

我在以下链接的答案中注意到了baptiste的评论,但是当我尝试调整他的代码(geom_text(aes(label = State, colour = State, x = Inf, y = Capex), hjust = -1))时,文本没有出现.

ggplot2 - 在剧情之外注释

temp.dat <- structure(list(Year = c("2003", "2004", "2005", "2006", "2007", 
"2008", "2009", "2010", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014", "2003", 
"2004", "2005", "2006", "2007", "2008", "2009", "2010", "2011", 
"2012", "2013", "2014", "2003", "2004", "2005", "2006", "2007", 
"2008", "2009", "2010", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014", "2003", 
"2004", "2005", "2006", "2007", "2008", "2009", "2010", "2011", 
"2012", "2013", "2014"), State = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 
4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L), .Label = c("VIC", 
"NSW", "QLD", "WA"), class = "factor"), Capex = c(5.35641472365348, 
5.76523240652641, 5.24727577535625, 5.57988239709746, 5.14246402568366, 
4.96786288162828, 5.493190785287, 6.08500616799372, 6.5092228474591, 
7.03813541623157, 8.34736513875897, 9.04992300432169, 7.15830329914056, 
7.21247045701994, 7.81373928617117, 7.76610217197542, 7.9744994967006, 
7.93734452080786, 8.29289899132255, 7.85222269563982, 8.12683746325074, 
8.61903784301649, 9.7904327253813, 9.75021175267288, 8.2950673974226, 
6.6272705639724, 6.50170524635367, 6.15609626379471, 6.43799637295979, 
6.9869551384028, 8.36305663640294, 8.31382617231745, 8.65409824343971, 
9.70529678167458, 11.3102788081848, 11.8696420977237, 6.77937303542605, 
5.51242844820827, 5.35789621712839, 4.38699327451101, 4.4925792218211, 
4.29934654081527, 4.54639175257732, 4.70040615159951, 5.04056109514957, 
5.49921208937735, 5.96590909090909, 6.18700407463007)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-48L), .Names = c("Year", "State", "Capex"))

Answer 1

要使用Baptiste的想法,您需要关闭剪辑.但是,当你这样做时,你会得到垃圾.此外,您需要抑制图例,并且,geom_text对于2014年选择Capex,并增加边距以为标签提供空间.(或者您可以调整hjust参数以在绘图面板内移动标签.)像这样:

library(ggplot2)
library(grid)

p = ggplot(temp.dat) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = Year, y = Capex, group = State, colour = State)) + 
  geom_text(data = subset(temp.dat, Year == "2014"), aes(label = State, colour = State, x = Inf, y = Capex), hjust = -.1) +
  scale_colour_discrete(guide = 'none')  +    
  theme(plot.margin = unit(c(1,3,1,1), "lines")) 

# Code to turn off clipping
gt <- ggplotGrob(p)
gt$layout$clip[gt$layout$name == "panel"] <- "off"
grid.draw(gt)

但是,这是一种非常适合的情节directlabels.

library(ggplot2)
library(directlabels)

ggplot(temp.dat, aes(x = Year, y = Capex, group = State, colour = State)) + 
  geom_line() +
  scale_colour_discrete(guide = 'none') +
  scale_x_discrete(expand=c(0, 1)) +
  geom_dl(aes(label = State), method = list(dl.combine("first.points", "last.points"), cex = 0.8)) 

编辑 要增加终点和标签之间的间距:

ggplot(temp.dat, aes(x = Year, y = Capex, group = State, colour = State)) + 
  geom_line() +
  scale_colour_discrete(guide = 'none') +
  scale_x_discrete(expand=c(0, 1)) +
  geom_dl(aes(label = State), method = list(dl.trans(x = x + 0.2), "last.points", cex = 0.8)) +
  geom_dl(aes(label = State), method = list(dl.trans(x = x - 0.2), "first.points", cex = 0.8)) 

Answer 2

更新的解决方案是使用ggrepel:

library(ggplot2)
library(ggrepel)
library(dplyr)

temp.dat %>%
  mutate(label = if_else(Year == max(Year), as.character(State), NA_character_)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = Year, y = Capex, group = State, colour = State)) + 
  geom_line() + 
  geom_label_repel(aes(label = label),
                  nudge_x = 1,
                  na.rm = TRUE)

Answer 3

这个问题很老但是金,我为疲惫的ggplot民众提供了另一个答案.

该解决方案的原理可以非常普遍地应用.

Plot_df <- 
  temp.dat %>% mutate_if(is.factor, as.character) %>%  # Who has time for factors..
  mutate(Year = as.numeric(Year))

现在,我们可以对数据进行子集化

ggplot() + 
geom_line(data = Plot_df, aes(Year, Capex, color = State)) +
geom_text(data = Plot_df %>% filter(Year == last(Year)), aes(label = State, 
                                                           x = Year + 0.5, 
                                                           y = Capex, 
                                                           color = State)) + 
          guides(color = FALSE) + theme_bw() + 
          scale_x_continuous(breaks = scales::pretty_breaks(10))

最后一个pretty_breaks部分只是为了修复下面的轴.

Answer 4

有一个新的软件包可以解决这个非常普遍的问题。{geomtextpath}为直接标记提供了一些非常灵活的选项，不仅仅是最后的“仅”标记......

此外，标签将跟随曲线！这可能不符合每个人的口味，但我发现这是一个非常整洁的外观。

library(geomtextpath)

## end of line
ggplot(temp.dat) +
  geom_textline(aes(
    x = Year, y = Capex, group = State, colour = State, label = State
  ),
  hjust = 1
  ) +
  theme(legend.position = "none")

## somewhere in the middle
ggplot(temp.dat) +
  geom_textline(aes(
    x = Year, y = Capex, group = State, colour = State, label = State
  ),
  hjust = .7
  ) +
  theme(legend.position = "none")

有很多几何对象，还有一种基于 geom_smooth 的预测曲线。（回答用户马克·尼尔）

ggplot(temp.dat, aes(x = Year, y = Capex, group = State, colour = State)) +
  geom_line() +
  ## note this is using the current dev version. you currently have to specify method argument, otherwise the disambiguation of some function fails. 
  ## see also https://github.com/AllanCameron/geomtextpath/issues/79) +
  geom_textsmooth(aes(label = State), 
                  lty = 2, 
                  hjust = 1) +
  theme(legend.position = "none")
#> `geom_smooth()` using method = 'loess' and formula 'y ~ x'

^{由reprex 包于 2022 年 7 月 12 日创建(v2.0.1)}

Answer 5

我想为标签名称较长的情况添加解决方案。在提供的所有解决方案中，标签都位于绘图画布内，但如果您的名称较长，它们将被截断。我是这样解决这个问题的：

library(tidyverse)

# Make the "State" variable have longer levels
temp.dat <- temp.dat %>% 
    mutate(State = paste0(State, '-a-long-string'))

ggplot(temp.dat, aes(x = Year, y = Capex, color = State, group = State)) + 
    geom_line() +
    # Add labels at the end of the line
    geom_text(data = filter(temp.dat, Year == max(Year)),
              aes(label = State),
              hjust = 0, nudge_x = 0.1) +
    # Allow labels to bleed past the canvas boundaries
    coord_cartesian(clip = 'off') +
    # Remove legend & adjust margins to give more space for labels
    # Remember, the margins are t-r-b-l
    theme(legend.position = 'none',
          plot.margin = margin(0.1, 2.6, 0.1, 0.1, "cm")) 

Answer 6

不确定它是否是最佳方式,但您可以尝试以下方法(xlim为正确设置限制而玩一下):

library(dplyr)
lab <- tapply(temp.dat$Capex, temp.dat$State, last)
ggplot(temp.dat) + 
    geom_line(aes(x = Year, y = Capex, group = State, colour = State)) +
    scale_color_discrete(guide = FALSE) +
    geom_text(aes(label = names(lab), x = 12, colour = names(lab), y = c(lab), hjust = -.02))

Answer 7

我提出这个问题，希望loess()在最后一个拟合点而不是最后一个数据点直接标记拟合线（例如）。我最终找到了一种方法来做到这一点，主要基于 tidyverse 它也应该适用于带有一些 mod 的线性回归，所以我将其留在这里供后代使用。

library(tidyverse)

temp.dat$Year <- as.numeric(temp.dat$Year)
temp.dat$State <- as.character(temp.dat$State)

#example of loess for multiple models
#/sf/answers/3858924121/

models <- temp.dat %>%
  tidyr::nest(-State) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(
    # Perform loess calculation on each CpG group
    m = purrr::map(data, loess,
                   formula = Capex ~ Year, span = .75),
    # Retrieve the fitted values from each model
    fitted = purrr::map(m, `[[`, "fitted")
  )

# Apply fitted y's as a new column
results <- models %>%
  dplyr::select(-m) %>%
  tidyr::unnest()

#find final x values for each group
my_last_points <- results %>% group_by(State) %>% summarise(Year = max(Year, na.rm=TRUE))

#Join dataframe of predictions to group labels
my_last_points$pred_y <- left_join(my_last_points, results)

# Plot with loess line for each group
ggplot(results, aes(x = Year, y = Capex, group = State, colour = State)) +
  geom_line(alpha = I(7/10), color="grey", show.legend=F) +
  #stat_smooth(size=2, span=0.3, se=F, show_guide=F)
  geom_point(size=1) +
  geom_smooth(se=FALSE)+
  geom_text(data = my_last_points, aes(x=Year+0.5, y=pred_y$fitted, label = State))