使用枚举对结构进行分组

Question

在Rust中,应该如何对相关结构进行分组,以便函数签名可以接受多个不同类型,同时引用方法体内的具体类型？

为简单起见,设计了以下示例:

enum Command {
    Increment {quantity: u32},
    Decrement {quantity: u32},
}

fn process_command(command: Command) {
    match command {
        Command::Increment => increase(command),
        Command::Decrement => decrease(command),
    };
}

fn increase(increment: Command::Increment) {
    println!("Increasing by: {}.", increment.quantity);
}

fn decrease(decrement: Command::Decrement) {
    println!("Decreasing by: {}.", decrement.quantity);
}

fn main() {
    let input = "Add";
    let quantity = 4;

    let command: Command = match input {
        "Add" => Command::Increment { quantity: quantity },
        "Subtract" => Command::Decrement { quantity: quantity },
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };

    process_command(command);
}

编译导致以下两个错误:

src/main.rs:13:24: 13:42 error: found value name used as a type: DefVariant(DefId { krate: 0, node: 4 }, DefId { krate: 0, node: 5 }, true) [E0248]
src/main.rs:13 fn increase(increment: Command::Increment) {
                                      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
src/main.rs:17:24: 17:42 error: found value name used as a type: DefVariant(DefId { krate: 0, node: 4 }, DefId { krate: 0, node: 8 }, true) [E0248]
src/main.rs:17 fn decrease(decrement: Command::Decrement) {
                                      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
error: aborting due to 2 previous errors

如果我单独声明结构,并将结构包装在元组内的元组结构(正确的术语？)中,那么我得到了预期的结果,但是在整个地方都有冗长和类似的类型名称我怀疑我被误解了成才:

struct Increment {
    quantity: u32,
}

struct Decrement {
    quantity: u32,
}

enum Command {
    Increment(Increment),
    Decrement(Decrement),
}

fn process_command(command: Command) {
    match command {
        Command::Increment(increment) => increase(increment),
        Command::Decrement(decrement) => decrease(decrement),
    };
}

fn increase(increment: Increment) {
    println!("Increasing by: {}.", increment.quantity);
}

fn decrease(decrement: Decrement) {
    println!("Decreasing by: {}.", decrement.quantity);
}

fn main() {
    let input = "Add";
    let quantity = 4;

    let command: Command = match input {
        "Add" => Command::Increment(Increment { quantity: quantity }),
        "Subtract" => Command::Decrement(Decrement { quantity: quantity }),
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };

    process_command(command);
}

运行输出:

Increasing by: 4.

将结构包装在枚举类型(术语？)中,共享同一个名称真的是最好的解决方案吗？ Command::Increment(Increment { quantity: 7 })

Answer 1

是的,这是您将在此实施方案中获得的最佳结果.枚举只是一种类型; 它的变体纯粹是变种,而不是类型.

另一种选择是使用特征和泛型:

struct Increment {
    quantity: u32,
}

struct Decrement {
    quantity: u32,
}

trait Command {
    fn process(self);
}

impl Command for Increment {
    fn process(self) {
        println!("Increasing by {}", self.quantity);
    }
}

impl Command for Decrement {
    fn process(self) {
        println!("Decreasing by {}", self.quantity);
    }
}

当然,它不是直接并行的; 如果你想存储一些command可能不同的类型,你需要改变它们process,self: Box<Self>或者&self你需要使用或者,Box<Command>或者&Command它是另一种方法,可以满足你的要求.就定义而言,它更纯粹.

Answer 2

我可能误解了您的简单示例，但请记住，您可以直接在枚举上实现方法：

enum Command {
    Increment {quantity: u32},
    Decrement {quantity: u32},
}

impl Command {
    fn process(self) {
        match self {
            Command::Increment { quantity } => {
                println!("Increasing by: {}.", quantity)
            },
            Command::Decrement { quantity } => {
                println!("Decreasing by: {}.", quantity)
            },
        };
    }
}

fn main() {
    let input = "Add";
    let quantity = 4;

    let command: Command = match input {
        "Add" => Command::Increment { quantity: quantity },
        "Subtract" => Command::Decrement { quantity: quantity },
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };

    command.process();
}

我碰巧喜欢这个版本，因为它消除了process_command(command).