python：如何计算两个单词列表的余弦相似度？

Question

我想计算两个列表的余弦相似度，如下所示：

A = [u'home (private)', u'bank', u'bank', u'building(condo/apartment)','factory']

B = [u'home (private)', u'school', u'bank', u'shopping mall']

我知道 A 和 B 的余弦相似度应该是

3/(sqrt(7)*sqrt(4)).

我尝试将列表改成“home bank bank building factory”这样的形式，看起来像一个句子，但是，有些元素（例如home（私人））本身有空格，有些元素有括号，所以我觉得很难计算单词出现次数。

您知道如何计算这个复杂列表中的单词出现次数，以便对于列表 B，单词出现次数可以表示为

{'home (private):1, 'school':1, 'bank': 1, 'shopping mall':1}? 

或者你知道如何计算这两个列表的余弦相似度吗？

非常感谢

Answer 1

from collections import Counter

# word-lists to compare
a = [u'home (private)', u'bank', u'bank', u'building(condo/apartment)','factory']
b = [u'home (private)', u'school', u'bank', u'shopping mall']

# count word occurrences
a_vals = Counter(a)
b_vals = Counter(b)

# convert to word-vectors
words  = list(a_vals.keys() | b_vals.keys())
a_vect = [a_vals.get(word, 0) for word in words]        # [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1]
b_vect = [b_vals.get(word, 0) for word in words]        # [1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0]

# find cosine
len_a  = sum(av*av for av in a_vect) ** 0.5             # sqrt(7)
len_b  = sum(bv*bv for bv in b_vect) ** 0.5             # sqrt(4)
dot    = sum(av*bv for av,bv in zip(a_vect, b_vect))    # 3
cosine = dot / (len_a * len_b)                          # 0.5669467