从字节数组中读取C#中的C/C++数据结构

Question

从byte []数组填充C#结构的最佳方法是什么,其中数据来自C/C++结构？C结构看起来像这样(我的C很生锈):

typedef OldStuff {
    CHAR Name[8];
    UInt32 User;
    CHAR Location[8];
    UInt32 TimeStamp;
    UInt32 Sequence;
    CHAR Tracking[16];
    CHAR Filler[12];
}

并填写这样的东西:

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size = 56, Pack = 1)]
public struct NewStuff
{
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 8)]
    [FieldOffset(0)]
    public string Name;

    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
    [FieldOffset(8)]
    public uint User;

    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 8)]
    [FieldOffset(12)]
    public string Location;

    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
    [FieldOffset(20)]
    public uint TimeStamp;

    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
    [FieldOffset(24)]
    public uint Sequence;

    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 16)]
    [FieldOffset(28)]
    public string Tracking;
}

什么是复制OldStuff到的最佳方式NewStuff,如果OldStuff作为byte []数组传递？

我现在正在做类似以下的事情,但感觉有点笨重.

GCHandle handle;
NewStuff MyStuff;

int BufferSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(NewStuff));
byte[] buff = new byte[BufferSize];

Array.Copy(SomeByteArray, 0, buff, 0, BufferSize);

handle = GCHandle.Alloc(buff, GCHandleType.Pinned);

MyStuff = (NewStuff)Marshal.PtrToStructure(handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(), typeof(NewStuff));

handle.Free();

有没有更好的方法来实现这一目标？

---

使用BinaryReader该类可以提供超过内存和使用的任何性能提升Marshal.PtrStructure吗？

Answer 1

从我在该上下文中看到的内容,您不需要复制SomeByteArray到缓冲区中.您只需要从中获取句柄SomeByteArray,固定它,IntPtr使用PtrToStructure然后释放来复制数据.无需复印件.

那将是:

NewStuff ByteArrayToNewStuff(byte[] bytes)
{
    GCHandle handle = GCHandle.Alloc(bytes, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    try
    {
        NewStuff stuff = (NewStuff)Marshal.PtrToStructure(handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(), typeof(NewStuff));
    }
    finally
    {
        handle.Free();
    }
    return stuff;
}

通用版本:

T ByteArrayToStructure<T>(byte[] bytes) where T: struct 
{
    T stuff;
    GCHandle handle = GCHandle.Alloc(bytes, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    try
    {
        stuff = (T)Marshal.PtrToStructure(handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(), typeof(T));
    }
    finally
    {
        handle.Free();
    }
    return stuff;
}

更简单的版本(需要unsafe切换):

unsafe T ByteArrayToStructure<T>(byte[] bytes) where T : struct
{
    fixed (byte* ptr = &bytes[0])
    {
        return (T)Marshal.PtrToStructure((IntPtr)ptr, typeof(T));
    }
}

Answer 2

以下是已接受答案的异常安全版本:

public static T ByteArrayToStructure<T>(byte[] bytes) where T : struct
{
    var handle = GCHandle.Alloc(bytes, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    try {
        return (T) Marshal.PtrToStructure(handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(), typeof(T));
    }
    finally {
        handle.Free();
    }
}

Answer 3

注意包装问题。在您给出的示例中，所有字段都在明显的偏移量处，因为所有内容都在 4 字节边界上，但情况并非总是如此。默认情况下，Visual C++ 打包在 8 字节边界上。