用于读取.ini文件的Windows批处理脚本

Question

我正在尝试.ini使用以下格式读取文件:

[SectionName]
total=4
[AnotherSectionName]
total=7
[OtherSectionName]
total=12

基本上我想从.ini文件中打印出某些值,例如总数下面OtherSectionName跟着总数AnotherSectionName.

Answer 1

这是一个命令文件(ini.cmd),可用于提取相关值:

@setlocal enableextensions enabledelayedexpansion
@echo off
set file=%~1
set area=[%~2]
set key=%~3
set currarea=
for /f "usebackq delims=" %%a in ("!file!") do (
    set ln=%%a
    if "x!ln:~0,1!"=="x[" (
        set currarea=!ln!
    ) else (
        for /f "tokens=1,2 delims==" %%b in ("!ln!") do (
            set currkey=%%b
            set currval=%%c
            if "x!area!"=="x!currarea!" if "x!key!"=="x!currkey!" (
                echo !currval!
            )
        )
    )
)
endlocal

这里有一个成绩单显示它在行动(我手动缩进输出以使其更容易阅读):

c:\src>type ini.ini
    [SectionName]
    total=4
    [AnotherSectionName]
    total=7
    [OtherSectionName]
    total=12
c:\src>ini.cmd ini.ini SectionName total
    4
c:\src>ini.cmd ini.ini AnotherSectionName total
    7
c:\src>ini.cmd ini.ini OtherSectionName total
    12

要在另一个cmd文件中实际使用它,只需将echo %val%下面的行替换为你想用它做的任何事情):

for /f "delims=" %%a in ('call ini.cmd ini.ini AnotherSectionName total') do (
    set val=%%a
)
echo %val%

Answer 2

我知道我有点迟到了,但我决定写一个通用的ini文件实用程序批处理脚本来解决这个问题.

该脚本将允许您检索或修改ini样式文件中的值.它的搜索不区分大小写,并且在ini文件中保留空行.从本质上讲,它允许您与ini文件进行交互,作为一种非常基本的数据库.

如果您只读取/写入对cmd解释器没有特殊含义的字母数字值或符号,则此脚本将正常工作.如果您需要能够处理包含&符号,百分比等值的内容,请参阅下面的更新部分.

:: --------------------
:: ini.bat
:: ini.bat /? for usage
:: --------------------

@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion

goto begin

:usage
echo Usage: %~nx0 /i item [/v value] [/s section] inifile
echo;
echo Take the following ini file for example:
echo;
echo    [Config]
echo    password=1234
echo    usertries=0
echo    allowterminate=0
echo;
echo To read the "password" value:
echo    %~nx0 /s Config /i password inifile
echo;
echo To change the "usertries" value to 5:
echo    %~nx0 /s Config /i usertries /v 5 inifile
echo;
echo In the above examples, "/s Config" is optional, but will allow the selection of
echo a specific item where the ini file contains similar items in multiple sections.
goto :EOF

:begin
if "%~1"=="" goto usage
for %%I in (item value section found) do set %%I=
for %%I in (%*) do (
    if defined next (
        if !next!==/i set item=%%I
        if !next!==/v set value=%%I
        if !next!==/s set section=%%I
        set next=
    ) else (
        for %%x in (/i /v /s) do if "%%~I"=="%%x" set "next=%%~I"
        if not defined next (
            set "arg=%%~I"
            if "!arg:~0,1!"=="/" (
                1>&2 echo Error: Unrecognized option "%%~I"
                1>&2 echo;
                1>&2 call :usage
                exit /b 1
            ) else set "inifile=%%~I"
        )
    )
)
for %%I in (item inifile) do if not defined %%I goto usage
if not exist "%inifile%" (
    1>&2 echo Error: %inifile% not found.
    exit /b 1
)

if not defined section (
    if not defined value (
        for /f "usebackq tokens=2 delims==" %%I in (`findstr /i "^%item%\=" "%inifile%"`) do (
            echo(%%I
        )
    ) else (
        for /f "usebackq delims=" %%I in (`findstr /n "^" "%inifile%"`) do (
            set "line=%%I" && set "line=!line:*:=!"
            echo(!line! | findstr /i "^%item%\=" >NUL && (
                1>>"%inifile%.1" echo(%item%=%value%
                echo(%value%
            ) || 1>>"%inifile%.1" echo(!line!
        )
    )
) else (
    for /f "usebackq delims=" %%I in (`findstr /n "^" "%inifile%"`) do (
        set "line=%%I" && set "line=!line:*:=!"
        if defined found (
            if defined value (
                echo(!line! | findstr /i "^%item%\=" >NUL && (
                    1>>"%inifile%.1" echo(%item%=%value%
                    echo(%value%
                    set found=
                ) || 1>>"%inifile%.1" echo(!line!
            ) else echo(!line! | findstr /i "^%item%\=" >NUL && (
                for /f "tokens=2 delims==" %%x in ("!line!") do (
                    echo(%%x
                    exit /b 0
                )
            )
        ) else (
            if defined value (1>>"%inifile%.1" echo(!line!)
            echo(!line! | find /i "[%section%]" >NUL && set found=1
        )
    )
)

if exist "%inifile%.1" move /y "%inifile%.1" "%inifile%">NUL

例

内容example.ini:

[SectionName]
; This is a comment.
total=4

[AnotherSectionName]
# This is another comment.
total=7

[OtherSectionName]
And it should work with non-standard comments as well.
total=12

测试环节:

C:\Users\me\Desktop>ini /s AnotherSectionName /i total example.ini
7

C:\Users\me\Desktop>ini /s othersectionname /i Total /v f00 example.ini
f00

C:\Users\me\Desktop>type example.ini
[SectionName]
; This is a comment.
total=4

[AnotherSectionName]
# This is another comment.
total=7

[OtherSectionName]
And it should work with non-standard comments as well.
Total=f00

更新

显然,纯粹的批处理解决方案在遇到像&(可能%和其他人)这样的字符时会窒息.所以这里有一个更强大的批处理+ JScript混合脚本来解决这个问题.语法和输出是相同的(但添加/d了删除item=value对的开关).

此脚本设置%ERRORLEVEL%=0成功,并%ERRORLEVEL%=1出错.

@if (@a==@b) @end /* -- batch / JScript hybrid line to begin JScript comment

:: --------------------
:: ini.bat
:: ini.bat /? for usage
:: --------------------

@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion

goto begin

:: color code by jeb -- https://stackoverflow.com/a/5344911/1683264
:c
set "param=^%~2" !
set "param=!param:"=\"!"
findstr /p /A:%1 "." "!param!\..\X" nul
<nul set /p ".=%DEL%%DEL%%DEL%%DEL%%DEL%%DEL%%DEL%"
exit /b
:: but it doesn't handle slashes.  :(
:s
<NUL set /p "=/"&exit /b

:usage
for /F "tokens=1,2 delims=#" %%a in ('"prompt #$H#$E# & echo on & for %%b in (1) do rem"') do set "DEL=%%a"
<nul > X set /p ".=."

echo Usage:
call :c 07 "   query:"
call :c 0F " %~nx0 "&call :s&call :c 0F "i item ["&call :s&call :c 0F "s section] inifile"&echo;
call :c 07 "   create or modify:"
call :c 0F " %~nx0 "&call :s&call :c 0F "i item "&call :s&call :c 0F "v value ["&call :s&call :c 0F "s section] inifile"&echo;
call :c 07 "   delete:"
call :c 0F " %~nx0 "&call :s&call :c 0F "d item ["&call :s&call :c 0F "s section] inifile"&echo;
echo;
echo Take the following ini file for example:
echo;
echo    [Config]
echo    password=1234
echo    usertries=0
echo    allowterminate=0
echo;
echo To read the "password" value:
call :c 0F "   %~nx0 "&call :s&call :c 0F "s Config "&call :s&call :c 0F "i password inifile"&echo;
echo;
echo To modify the "usertries" value to 5:
call :c 0F "   %~nx0 "&call :s&call :c 0F "s Config "&call :s&call :c 0F "i usertries "&call :s&call :c 0F "v 5 inifile"&echo;
echo;
echo To add a "timestamp" key with a value of the current date and time:
call :c 0F "   %~nx0 "&call :s&call :c 0F "s Config "&call :s&call :c 0F "i timestamp "&call :s&call :c 0F "v ""%DEL%%%%%date%%%% %%%%time%%%%""%DEL% inifile"&echo;
echo;
echo To delete the "allowterminate" key:
call :c 0F "   %~nx0 "&call :s&call :c 0F "s Config "&call :s&call :c 0F "d allowterminate inifile"&echo;
echo;
call :c 07 "In the above examples, "&call :s
call :c 0F "s Config "
echo is optional, but will allow the selection of
echo a specific item where the ini file contains similar items in multiple sections.
del X
goto :EOF

:begin
if "%~1"=="" goto usage
for %%I in (item value section found) do set %%I=
for %%I in (%*) do (
    if defined next (
        if !next!==/i set "item=%%~I"
        if !next!==/v (
            set modify=true
            set "value=%%~I"
        )
        if !next!==/d (
            set "item=%%~I"
            set modify=true
            set delete=true
        )
        if !next!==/s set "section=%%~I"
        set next=
    ) else (
        for %%x in (/i /v /s /d) do if "%%~I"=="%%x" set "next=%%~I"
        if not defined next (
            set "arg=%%~I"
            if "!arg:~0,1!"=="/" (
                1>&2 echo Error: Unrecognized option "%%~I"
                1>&2 echo;
                1>&2 call :usage
                exit /b 1
            ) else set "inifile=%%~I"
        )
    )
)
for %%I in (item inifile) do if not defined %%I goto usage
if not exist "%inifile%" (
    1>&2 echo Error: %inifile% not found.
    exit /b 1
)

cscript /nologo /e:jscript "%~f0" "%inifile%" "!section!" "!item!" "!value!" "%modify%" "%delete%"

exit /b %ERRORLEVEL%

:: Begin JScript portion */
var inifile = WSH.Arguments(0),
section = WSH.Arguments(1),
item = WSH.Arguments(2),
value = WSH.Arguments(3),
modify = WSH.Arguments(4),
del = WSH.Arguments(5),
fso = new ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject"),
stream = fso.OpenTextFile(inifile, 1),

// (stream.ReadAll() will not preserve blank lines.)
data = [];
while (!stream.atEndOfStream) { data.push(stream.ReadLine()); }
stream.Close();

// trims whitespace from edges
String.prototype.trim = function() { return this.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/,'') }

// trim + toLowerCase
String.prototype.unify = function() { return this.trim().toLowerCase(); };

// unquotes each side of "var"="value"
String.prototype.splitEx = function(x) {
    for (var i=0, ret = this.split(x) || []; i<ret.length; i++) {
        ret[i] = ret[i].replace(/^['"](.*)['"]$/, function(m,$1){return $1});
    };
    return ret;
}

// splices a new element into an array just after the last non-empty element.  If first arg is a number, start at that position and look backwards.
Array.prototype.cram = function() {
    for (var args=[], i=0; i<arguments.length; i++) { args.push(arguments[i]); }
    var i = (typeof args[0] == "number" && Math.floor(args[0]) == args[0]) ? args.shift() : this.length;
    while (i>0 && !this[--i].length) {};
    for (var j=0; j<args.length; j++) this.splice(++i, 0, args[j]);
}

function saveAndQuit() {
    while (data && !data[data.length - 1].length) data.pop();
    var stream = fso.OpenTextFile(inifile, 2, true);
    stream.Write(data.join('\r\n') + '\r\n');
    stream.Close();
    WSH.Quit(0);
}

function fatal(err) {
    WSH.StdErr.WriteLine(err);
    WSH.Quit(1);
}

if (section && !/^\[.+\]$/.test(section)) section = '[' + section + ']';

if (modify) {
    if (section) {
        for (var i=0; i<data.length; i++) {
            if (data[i].unify() == section.unify()) {
                for (var j=i + 1; j<data.length; j++) {
                    if (/^\s*\[.+\]\s*$/.test(data[j])) break;
                    var keyval = data[j].splitEx('=');
                    if (keyval.length < 2) continue;
                    var key = keyval.shift(), val = keyval.join('=');
                    if (key.unify() == item.unify()) {
                        if (del) data.splice(j, 1);
                        else {
                            data[j] = item + '=' + value;
                            WSH.Echo(value.trim());
                        }
                        saveAndQuit();
                    }
                }
                if (del) fatal(item + ' not found in ' + section + ' in ' + inifile);
                data.cram(j ,item + '=' + value);
                WSH.Echo(value.trim());
                saveAndQuit();
            }
        }
        if (del) fatal(section + ' not found in ' + inifile);
        data.cram('\r\n' + section, item + '=' + value);
        WSH.Echo(value.trim());
        saveAndQuit();
    }
    else { // if (!section)
        for (var i=0; i<data.length; i++) {
            var keyval = data[i].splitEx('=');
            if (keyval.length < 2) continue;
            var key = keyval.shift(), val = keyval.join('=');
            if (key.unify() == item.unify()) {
                if (del) data.splice(i, 1);
                else {
                    data[i] = item + '=' + value;
                    WSH.Echo(value.trim());
                }
                saveAndQuit();
            }
        }
        if (del) fatal(item + ' not found in ' + inifile);
        data.cram(item + '=' + value);
        WSH.Echo(value.trim());
        saveAndQuit();
    }
}
else if (section) { // and if (!modify)
    for (var i=0; i<data.length; i++) {
        if (data[i].unify() == section.unify()) {
            for (var j=i + 1; j<data.length; j++) {
                if (/^\s*\[.+\]\s*$/.test(data[j])) fatal(item + ' not found in ' + section + ' in ' + inifile);
                var keyval = data[j].splitEx('=');
                if (keyval.length < 2) continue;
                var key = keyval.shift(), val = keyval.join('=');
                if (key.unify() == item.unify()) {
                    WSH.Echo(val.trim());
                    WSH.Quit(0);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    fatal(section + ' not found in ' + inifile);
}
else { // if (item) and nothing else
    for (var i=0; i<data.length; i++) {
        var keyval = data[i].splitEx('=');
        if (keyval.length < 2) continue;
        var key = keyval.shift(), val = keyval.join('=');
        if (key.unify() == item.unify()) {
            WSH.Echo(val.trim());
            WSH.Quit(0);
        }
    }
    fatal(item + ' not found in ' + inifile);
}

Answer 3

我在当前目录窗口批处理(.bat)中读取config.ini文件的简短命题:

在批处理文件的末尾,我们粘贴该代码:

:ini    
@for /f "tokens=2 delims==" %%a in ('find "%~1=" config.ini') do @set %~2=%%a    
@goto:eof

在批处理文件的开头附近,我们称之为:

@call:ini IniFieldName batchVarName
@echo IniFieldName is: %batchVarName%

Answer 4

config.ini文件

foo=string
bar=123
baz=spaces work too!

windows_batch.cmd

for /F "tokens=*" %%I in (config.ini) do set %%I