为什么我的交叉编译的CGO二进制文件不会在Raspberry Pi(Raspbian)上运行？

Question

当我编译以下代码片段(playground链接)时:

package main

/*
#cgo LDFLAGS: -lbluetooth

#include <bluetooth/bluetooth.h>
#include <bluetooth/hci.h>
#include <bluetooth/hci_lib.h>
*/
import "C"

func main() {
        C.hci_get_route(nil)
}

...使用这些环境变量:

CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
CGO_ENABLED=1
GOARCH=arm
GOARM=6

我得到一个1.6Mb二进制文件:

• 适用于我的ODROID-C1(ARMv7,运行Arch,来自archlinuxarm.org),但是
• 不适用于我的Raspberry Pi B +(ARMv6,运行Raspbian,来自raspberrypi.org).

当我在Pi上运行时,我得到一个" Segmentation fault".

当我使用这些环境变量运行它时:

LD_PRELOAD=/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libSegFault.so
SEGFAULT_USE_ALTSTACK=1

我得到这个输出:

*** Segmentation fault
Register dump:
 R0: 00000000   R1: 00000001   R2: bebf37f4   R3: bebf37fc
 R4: 00000000   R5: 00000000   R6: 00010c59   R7: 00000000
 R8: 00000000   R9: 00000000   SL: b6f33000   FP: 00000000
 IP: 0000004f   SP: bebf37ec   LR: 00010c6b   PC: 0005d7f4
 CPSR: 40000030
 Trap: 0000000e   Error: 00000817   OldMask: 00000000
 Addr: 00000001
Backtrace:
Memory map:
00010000-00125000 r-xp 00000000 b3:02 16193      /home/pi/test
00135000-0013b000 rw-p 00115000 b3:02 16193      /home/pi/test
0013b000-0014a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
0026b000-00290000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0          [heap]
b6d53000-b6d73000 r-xp 00000000 b3:02 16080      /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libgcc_s.so.1
b6d73000-b6d7a000 ---p 00020000 b3:02 16080      /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libgcc_s.so.1
b6d7a000-b6d7b000 rw-p 0001f000 b3:02 16080      /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libgcc_s.so.1
b6d7b000-b6e9f000 r-xp 00000000 b3:02 4254       /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc-2.13.so
b6e9f000-b6ea6000 ---p 00124000 b3:02 4254       /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc-2.13.so
b6ea6000-b6ea8000 r--p 00123000 b3:02 4254       /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc-2.13.so
b6ea8000-b6ea9000 rw-p 00125000 b3:02 4254       /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc-2.13.so
b6ea9000-b6eac000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
b6eac000-b6ec0000 r-xp 00000000 b3:02 4247       /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread-2.13.so
b6ec0000-b6ec7000 ---p 00014000 b3:02 4247       /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread-2.13.so
b6ec7000-b6ec8000 r--p 00013000 b3:02 4247       /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread-2.13.so
b6ec8000-b6ec9000 rw-p 00014000 b3:02 4247       /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread-2.13.so
b6ec9000-b6ecb000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
b6ecb000-b6ee0000 r-xp 00000000 b3:02 44311      /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libbluetooth.so.3.12.0
b6ee0000-b6ee7000 ---p 00015000 b3:02 44311      /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libbluetooth.so.3.12.0
b6ee7000-b6ee8000 r--p 00014000 b3:02 44311      /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libbluetooth.so.3.12.0
b6ee8000-b6eea000 rw-p 00015000 b3:02 44311      /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libbluetooth.so.3.12.0
b6ef8000-b6efa000 r-xp 00000000 b3:02 25761      /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcofi_rpi.so
b6efa000-b6f01000 ---p 00002000 b3:02 25761      /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcofi_rpi.so
b6f01000-b6f02000 rw-p 00001000 b3:02 25761      /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcofi_rpi.so
b6f02000-b6f04000 r-xp 00000000 b3:02 4246       /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libSegFault.so
b6f04000-b6f0b000 ---p 00002000 b3:02 4246       /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libSegFault.so
b6f0b000-b6f0c000 r--p 00001000 b3:02 4246       /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libSegFault.so
b6f0c000-b6f0d000 rw-p 00002000 b3:02 4246       /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libSegFault.so
b6f0d000-b6f2a000 r-xp 00000000 b3:02 4248       /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/ld-2.13.so
b6f2e000-b6f32000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
b6f32000-b6f33000 r--p 0001d000 b3:02 4248       /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/ld-2.13.so
b6f33000-b6f34000 rw-p 0001e000 b3:02 4248       /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/ld-2.13.so
bebd3000-bebf4000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
bee7f000-bee80000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0          [sigpage]
ffff0000-ffff1000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0          [vectors]
Segmentation fault

删除/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcofi_rpi.so从/etc/ld.so.preload给我相同的输出,除了用不含线libcofi_rpi.so.

试图建立一个静态链接的二进制文件-tags netgo -a -ldflags "-linkmode external -extldflags -static"给我一个" Illegal instruction"而不是" Segmentation fault".

试图在Pi本身上构建二进制文件是有效的,但是,我想交叉编译它.并且交叉编译确实可行,但仅限于ODROID-C1/Arch,而不是Raspberry Pi/Raspbian.

我使用的确切构建步骤可以使用Docker重现:

$ docker run -it golang:1.4.1-cross bash

在docker里面,我运行:

echo "deb http://emdebian.org/tools/debian/ jessie main" >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/crosstools.list
curl -s http://emdebian.org/tools/debian/emdebian-toolchain-archive.key | apt-key add -
dpkg --add-architecture armhf
apt-get update
apt-get install -y crossbuild-essential-armhf libbluetooth-dev:armhf
export CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
export CGO_ENABLED=1
export GOARCH=arm
export GOARM=6
go build -o test test.go

这给了我一个名为"test"的可执行文件,如上所述,它不会在Pi上运行.

以下是我的测试设备的一些信息:

Raspberry Pi B +:

$ uname -a
Linux raspberrypi 3.18.5+ #744 PREEMPT Fri Jan 30 18:19:07 GMT 2015 armv6l GNU/Linux

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
model name      : ARMv6-compatible processor rev 7 (v6l)
BogoMIPS        : 2.00
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp java tls 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xb76
CPU revision    : 7
Hardware        : BCM2708
Revision        : 0010
Serial          : 000000002a69d702

$ ldd test
        /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcofi_rpi.so (0xb6f01000)
        libbluetooth.so.3 => /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libbluetooth.so.3 (0xb6ed4000)
        libpthread.so.0 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0 (0xb6eb5000)
        libc.so.6 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc.so.6 (0xb6d84000)
        /lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 (0xb6f0e000) 

已安装的蓝牙库:

$ dpkg -s libbluetooth3

Package: libbluetooth3
Status: install ok installed
Priority: optional
Section: libs
Installed-Size: 172
Maintainer: Debian Bluetooth Maintainers <pkg-bluetooth-maintainers@lists.alioth.debian.org>
Architecture: armhf
Multi-Arch: same
Source: bluez
Version: 4.99-2
Replaces: libsdp2 (<= 1.5-2)
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.13-28)
Pre-Depends: multiarch-support
Conflicts: libsdp2 (<= 1.5-2)
Description: Library to use the BlueZ Linux Bluetooth stack
 BlueZ is the official Linux Bluetooth protocol stack. It is an Open Source
 project distributed under GNU General Public License (GPL).
Homepage: http://www.bluez.org

ODROID-C1:

$ uname -a
Linux alarm 3.10.66-1-ARCH #1 SMP PREEMPT Wed Jan 28 18:12:35 MST 2015 armv7l GNU/Linux

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
Processor       : ARMv7 Processor rev 1 (v7l)
processor       : 0
BogoMIPS        : 3.27

processor       : 1
BogoMIPS        : 3.27

processor       : 2
BogoMIPS        : 3.27

processor       : 3
BogoMIPS        : 3.27

Features        : swp half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xc05
CPU revision    : 1

Hardware        : ODROIDC
Revision        : 000a
Serial          : 1b00000000000000

$ ldd test
       libbluetooth.so.3 => /usr/lib/libbluetooth.so.3 (0xb6eaf000)
       libpthread.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpthread.so.0 (0xb6e87000)
       libc.so.6 => /usr/lib/libc.so.6 (0xb6d48000)
       /lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 (0xb6ed1000)

已安装的蓝牙库和开发头文件:

$ pacman -Qe bluez
bluez 5.27-1

Docker构建环境

$ uname -a
Linux 094aa2ed34a5 3.18.5-gentoo-tp #1 SMP Fri Feb 6 20:14:55 CET 2015 x86_64 GNU/Linux

已安装的蓝牙开发标题:

$ dpkg -s libbluetooth-dev:armhf
Package: libbluetooth-dev
Status: install ok installed
Priority: extra
Section: libdevel
Installed-Size: 429
Maintainer: Debian Bluetooth Maintainers <pkg-bluetooth-maintainers@lists.alioth.debian.org>
Architecture: armhf
Source: bluez (5.23-2)
Version: 5.23-2+b1
Replaces: libsdp2-dev (<= 1.5.2)
Provides: libbluetooth3-dev
Depends: libbluetooth3 (= 5.23-2+b1), libc6-dev | libc-dev
Suggests: pkg-config
Conflicts: bluez-pan, libbluetooth-dev, libsdp2-dev (<= 1.5.2)
Description: Development files for using the BlueZ Linux Bluetooth library
 BlueZ is the official Linux Bluetooth protocol stack. It is an Open Source
 project distributed under GNU General Public License (GPL).
Homepage: http://www.bluez.org

---

libbluetooth-dev在Docker容器中安装与Pi上可用的完全相同的版本没有任何区别.

---

将libbluetooth.soJessie中的新版本复制到Wheezie会给我这个错误:

./test: /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.15' not found (required by /home/pi/libbluetooth.so.3.17.11)

---

更新:

在Pi上尝试使用Arch,交叉编译的二进制文件也是段错误,给出相同的消息(" Illegal instruction (core dumped)")GOARM=5,6或者7.

到目前为止,我还没有找到一种交叉编译Pi的CGO代码的方法libbluetooth.

明天将尝试使用Raspberry Pi 2.

Answer 1

因此，经过几周的尝试和错误，让我回答我自己的问题，\xe2\x80\xa6

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\xe2\x80\xa6 它就是不起作用。

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作为最后的手段，我尝试采用与编译上述代码相同的 Raspbian 映像，并使用QEMU运行它。你猜怎么着：我遇到了段错误。完全相同的指令，使用完全相同的图像，当我在 Pi 上运行它时，它会给我一个工作可执行文件，当我模拟 Pi 或尝试以任何方式交叉编译它时，会出现段错误。

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最后，这不值得这么麻烦。我们只是设置了专用的 Pi 来构建我们的项目，而“生产”Pi 只是提取更新的二进制文件。

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