自定义权限检查失败时的错误消息

Question

DRF 文档提供了有关如何创建自定义权限的明确说明，提供了以下代码示例：

from rest_framework import permissions

class BlacklistPermission(permissions.BasePermission):
"""
Global permission check for blacklisted IPs.
"""

    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        ip_addr = request.META['REMOTE_ADDR']
        blacklisted = Blacklist.objects.filter(ip_addr=ip_addr).exists()
        return not blacklisted

默认情况下，当权限检查函数返回时，这会给出以下响应False。

HTTP 403 FORBIDDEN
内容类型：application/json
变化：接受
允许：GET、POST、HEAD、OPTIONS

{ "detail": "您无权执行此操作。" }

我想更改上面的“详细信息”部分，提供对开发人员更友好的错误消息。我怎么能做到这一点，确保每次权限检查失败时都显示消息？

Answer 1

类APIView检查权限通过

def check_permissions(self, request):
    """
    Check if the request should be permitted.
    Raises an appropriate exception if the request is not permitted.
    """
    for permission in self.get_permissions():
        if not permission.has_permission(request, self):
            self.permission_denied(request)

而这里的permission_denied

def permission_denied(self, request):
    """
    If request is not permitted, determine what kind of exception to raise.
    """
    if not request.successful_authenticator:
        raise exceptions.NotAuthenticated()
    raise exceptions.PermissionDenied()

因此，exceptions.PermissionDenied在您的自定义 Permission 类中直接对它进行子类化和提升似乎是完全合理的，例如

class CustomForbidden(APIException):
    status_code = status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
    default_detail = "Add your custom error message here"


class CustomPermission(permissions.BasePermission):
    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        if not_allowed:
            raise CustomForbidden