类型错误：不可散列的类型：'bytearray'

Question

我是 django 新手，正在尝试创建一个主页。但我已经遇到了数据库设置的问题。当我跑步时

python manage.py migrate

我收到这个错误

(env) paul@Kreker-Server:~/public_html/p_kreker$ python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: auth, sessions, contenttypes, admin
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/paul/public_html/p_kreker/env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 385, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/paul/public_html/p_kreker/env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 377, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/paul/public_html/p_kreker/env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 288, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__)
  File "/home/paul/public_html/p_kreker/env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 338, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/paul/public_html/p_kreker/env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 165, in handle
    emit_post_migrate_signal(created_models, self.verbosity, self.interactive, connection.alias)
  File "/home/paul/public_html/p_kreker/env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/sql.py", line 268, in emit_post_migrate_signal
    using=db)
  File "/home/paul/public_html/p_kreker/env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/dispatch/dispatcher.py", line 198, in send
    response = receiver(signal=self, sender=sender, **named)
  File "/home/paul/public_html/p_kreker/env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/management/__init__.py", line 64, in create_permissions
    if not is_latest_migration_applied('auth'):
  File "/home/paul/public_html/p_kreker/env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/loader.py", line 292, in is_latest_migration_applied
    loader = MigrationLoader(connection)
  File "/home/paul/public_html/p_kreker/env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/loader.py", line 49, in __init__
    self.build_graph()
  File "/home/paul/public_html/p_kreker/env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/loader.py", line 184, in build_graph
    self.applied_migrations = recorder.applied_migrations()
  File "/home/paul/public_html/p_kreker/env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/recorder.py", line 60, in applied_migrations
    return set(tuple(x) for x in self.migration_qs.values_list("app", "name"))
TypeError: unhashable type: 'bytearray'

我使用 python-3.4、django-1.7.4 和 SQL 连接 mysql-connector-python-2.0.2。对于这个项目，我使用 python 3 venv 创建了一个虚拟环境。我在 github 上托管这个项目： https: //github.com/pkreker/p_kreker

先感谢您！

编辑settings.py：

"""
Django settings for p_kreker project.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/ref/settings/
"""

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '@l)bvja@q45ud2d813g*i+n2=1#kbf#nzqm6()c)dv116pqq^p'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

TEMPLATE_DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'p_kreker.urls'

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'p_kreker.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'NAME': 'p_kreker',
        'ENGINE': 'mysql.connector.django',
        'USER': 'paul',
        'PASSWORD': 'm2aJup2fHYDdArGT',
        'OPTIONS': {
            'autocommit': True,
        },
    }
}

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'de-de'

TIME_ZONE = 'Europe/Berlin'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

Answer 1

由于 bug 标题没有指定“Django”，我预计许多 Python 3 新手会在这里结束。请注意，“bytearray”的可散列/不可变对应项是“bytes”类型。

>>> b1 = bytearray([1, 2, 3])
>>> s = set()
>>> s.add(b1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unhashable type: 'bytearray'
>>> b2 = bytes(b1)
>>> b2
b'\x01\x02\x03'
>>> s.add(b2)
>>>