unsigned int to unsigned long long well defined？

Question

我想看看当unsigned long long被分配了一个值的幕后发生了什么unsigned int.我做了一个简单的C++程序来尝试它并将所有io移出main():

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>

void usage() {
        std::cout << "Usage: ./u_to_ull <unsigned int>\n";
        exit(0);
}

void atoiWarning(int foo) {
        std::cout << "WARNING: atoi() returned " << foo << " and (unsigned int)foo is " <<
 ((unsigned int)foo) << "\n";
}

void result(unsigned long long baz) {
        std::cout << "Result as unsigned long long is " << baz << "\n";
}

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
        if (argc != 2) usage();

        int foo = atoi(argv[1]);
        if (foo < 0) atoiWarning(foo);

        // Signed to unsigned
        unsigned int bar = foo;

        // Conversion
        unsigned long long baz = -1;
        baz = bar;

        result(baz);

        return 0;
}

生成的组件为main生成:

0000000000400950 <main>:
  400950:       55                      push   %rbp
  400951:       48 89 e5                mov    %rsp,%rbp
  400954:       48 83 ec 20             sub    $0x20,%rsp
  400958:       89 7d ec                mov    %edi,-0x14(%rbp)
  40095b:       48 89 75 e0             mov    %rsi,-0x20(%rbp)
  40095f:       83 7d ec 02             cmpl   $0x2,-0x14(%rbp)
  400963:       74 05                   je     40096a <main+0x1a>
  400965:       e8 3a ff ff ff          callq  4008a4 <_Z5usagev>
  40096a:       48 8b 45 e0             mov    -0x20(%rbp),%rax
  40096e:       48 83 c0 08             add    $0x8,%rax
  400972:       48 8b 00                mov    (%rax),%rax
  400975:       48 89 c7                mov    %rax,%rdi
  400978:       e8 0b fe ff ff          callq  400788 <atoi@plt>
  40097d:       89 45 f0                mov    %eax,-0x10(%rbp)
  400980:       83 7d f0 00             cmpl   $0x0,-0x10(%rbp)
  400984:       79 0a                   jns    400990 <main+0x40>
  400986:       8b 45 f0                mov    -0x10(%rbp),%eax
  400989:       89 c7                   mov    %eax,%edi
  40098b:       e8 31 ff ff ff          callq  4008c1 <_Z11atoiWarningi>
  400990:       8b 45 f0                mov    -0x10(%rbp),%eax
  400993:       89 45 f4                mov    %eax,-0xc(%rbp)
  400996:       48 c7 45 f8 ff ff ff    movq   $0xffffffffffffffff,-0x8(%rbp)
  40099d:       ff
  40099e:       8b 45 f4                mov    -0xc(%rbp),%eax
  4009a1:       48 89 45 f8             mov    %rax,-0x8(%rbp)
  4009a5:       48 8b 45 f8             mov    -0x8(%rbp),%rax
  4009a9:       48 89 c7                mov    %rax,%rdi
  4009ac:       e8 66 ff ff ff          callq  400917 <_Z6resulty>
  4009b1:       b8 00 00 00 00          mov    $0x0,%eax
  4009b6:       c9                      leaveq
  4009b7:       c3                      retq

在-1从C++清楚地表明,-0x8(%rbp)对应于baz(由于$0xffffffffffffffff).-0x8(%rbp)写入%rax,但%rax分配的前四个字节似乎没有%eax分配

这是否表明前4个字节-0x8(%rbp)未定义？

Answer 1

在英特尔®64和IA-32架构软件开发人员手册第1卷第3.4.1.1节(64位模式下的通用寄存器)中,它说

32位操作数生成32位结果,在目标通用寄存器中零扩展为64位结果.

所以后mov -0xc(%rbp),%eax,上半部分rax 的定义,它是零.

这也适用于87 C0编码xchg eax, eax,但不适用于其90编码(其定义为nop,推翻上面引用的规则).