如何使用 openssl 验证证书链

Question

我正在尝试使用 OpenSSL 验证证书文件。你能解释一下为什么s_client连接成功，但是verify具有相同证书链的文件失败吗？如何验证文件？

注意我自己编译了 OpenSSL 1.0.1k，它不应该使用任何发行版特定的配置。我CAfile为这两个命令提供了相同的内容。

$ openssl s_client -CAfile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt -connect www.google.com:443
WARNING: can't open config file: /usr/local/ssl/openssl.cnf
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=3 C = US, O = Equifax, OU = Equifax Secure Certificate Authority
verify return:1
depth=2 C = US, O = GeoTrust Inc., CN = GeoTrust Global CA
verify return:1
depth=1 C = US, O = Google Inc, CN = Google Internet Authority G2
verify return:1
depth=0 C = US, ST = California, L = Mountain View, O = Google Inc, CN = www.google.com
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google Inc/CN=www.google.com
   i:/C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority G2
 1 s:/C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority G2
   i:/C=US/O=GeoTrust Inc./CN=GeoTrust Global CA
 2 s:/C=US/O=GeoTrust Inc./CN=GeoTrust Global CA
   i:/C=US/O=Equifax/OU=Equifax Secure Certificate Authority
---
    ...
    Verify return code: 0 (ok)
---

如果我用-showcerts参数运行它，它会输出从服务器发送的所有三个证书。我将它们连接成 file google.pem。但无法验证链条。看：

$ openssl verify -CAfile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt google.pem
WARNING: can't open config file: /usr/local/ssl/openssl.cnf
google.pem: C = US, ST = California, L = Mountain View, O = Google Inc, CN = www.google.com
error 20 at 0 depth lookup:unable to get local issuer certificate

应用/sf/answers/1932487511/上建议的补丁无济于事。

Answer 1

我找到了。openssl verify不希望证书文件包含其链。链需要通过-untrusted参数传递。它适用于同一个文件，信任仍然是通过在-CAfile.

openssl verify -CAfile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt -untrusted google.pem google.pem