cru*_*tex 5 java memory performance benchmarking garbage-collection
我想在内存使用效率方面比较Java程序的不同实现.有不同的使用场景表示为JUnit测试用例.实际上,所有代码都是开源的:https://github.com/headissue/cache2k-benchmark
获取Java程序的已用内存的一般智慧是:Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory() - Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory()当然也可以使用JMX接口来获取这些值.
但是,所使用的存储器的确定值不可靠.可能的原因:
到目前为止,我尝试切换到串行GC并Runtime.getRuntime().gc()在读出值之前强制进行垃圾收集.我已将实验代码放在:https://github.com/cruftex/java-memory-benchmark
如果我gc在读取值之前进行了三次调用,我会得到此输出(mvn test | grep loopCount使用jdk1.7.0_51):
testBaseline1: used=1084168, loopCount=0, total=124780544
testBaseline2: used=485632, loopCount=0, total=124780544
testBaseline3: used=483760, loopCount=0, total=124780544
testBaseline4: used=483800, loopCount=0, total=124780544
testBaseline: used=484160, loopCount=0, total=124780544
test100MBytes: used=105341496, loopCount=0, total=276828160
test127MBytes: used=133653088, loopCount=0, total=469901312
test27MBytes: used=28795528, loopCount=0, total=317755392
test10MBytes: used=10969776, loopCount=0, total=124784640
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有四个gc电话(如签入),我得到:
testBaseline1: used=483072, loopCount=0, total=124780544
testBaseline2: used=483728, loopCount=0, total=124780544
testBaseline3: used=483768, loopCount=0, total=124780544
testBaseline4: used=483808, loopCount=0, total=124780544
testBaseline: used=483848, loopCount=0, total=124780544
test100MBytes: used=105341504, loopCount=0, total=276828160
test127MBytes: used=133653096, loopCount=0, total=469901312
test27MBytes: used=28795536, loopCount=0, total=139239424
test10MBytes: used=10969784, loopCount=0, total=124784640
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因此,经验证明,通过四次GC调用,结果似乎是正确的.从GC统计输出中我可以看到第一个GC填充了终身空间,第四个GC调用减少了它:
2015-01-08T02:30:35.069+0100: [Full GC2015-01-08T02:30:35.069+0100: [Tenured: 0K->1058K(83968K)
2015-01-08T02:30:35.136+0100: [Full GC2015-01-08T02:30:35.136+0100: [Tenured: 1058K->1058K(83968K)
2015-01-08T02:30:35.198+0100: [Full GC2015-01-08T02:30:35.198+0100: [Tenured: 1058K->1058K(83968K)
2015-01-08T02:30:35.263+0100: [Full GC2015-01-08T02:30:35.264+0100: [Tenured: 1058K->471K(83968K)
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获取内存使用值的最终代码是:
try {
Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
Thread.sleep(55);
Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
Thread.sleep(55);
Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
Thread.sleep(55);
Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
Thread.sleep(55);
} catch (Exception ignore) { }
long _usedMem;
long _total;
long _total2;
long _count = -1;
// loop to get a stable reading, since memory may be resized between the method calls
do {
_count++;
_total = Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory();
try {
Thread.sleep(12);
} catch (Exception ignore) { }
long _free = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
_total2 = Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory();
_usedMem = _total - _free;
} while (_total != _total2);
System.out.println(_testName + ": used=" + _usedMem + ", loopCount=" + _count + ", total=" + _total);
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我不确定这种方法是否始终产生可靠的结果.所以有些问题:
更新:
虽然上面的一些问题与GC有关,但实际问题并非如此.我想找出单个时间点的应用程序的内存使用情况.一种可能的解决方案还是对所有对象进行深度搜索并总结大小.
更新2:
与此同时,我写了一篇关于该问题的博客文章,并讨论了如何衡量实际内存使用量的不同方法:
https://cruftex.net/2017/03/28/The-6-Memory-Metrics-You-Should-Track-in-Your-Java-Benchmarks.html
我也在努力解决这个问题,并有兴趣知道是否有任何标准方法.
我能做的最好的事情就是告诉JVM尽可能地通过在运行之后和下一个方法之前调用以下方法来尽可能地收集垃圾:
GcFinalization.awaitFullGc();
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此方法来自Guava test-lib包,可以将其作为Maven依赖项添加为:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava-testlib</artifactId>
<version>18.0</version>
</dependency>
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实现如下:
public static void awaitFullGc() {
final CountDownLatch finalizerRan = new CountDownLatch(1);
WeakReference<Object> ref = new WeakReference<Object>(
new Object() {
@Override protected void finalize() { finalizerRan.countDown(); }
});
await(finalizerRan);
awaitClear(ref);
// Hope to catch some stragglers queued up behind our finalizable object
System.runFinalization();
}
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这为每次运行提供了非常一致的结果,并使CPU用户时间(从ThreadMXBean)非常接近纳秒时间(从System.currentTimeMills).我对这些测量的主要关注点是运行时间,但与没有此调用的版本相比,内存使用量也是一致的.
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