如何使用 $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop" 获取正确的错误行号

Question

考虑以下脚本

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#requires -version 2.0\n\n[CmdletBinding()]\nparam\n(\n)\n\n$script:ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"\nSet-StrictMode -Version Latest\nfunction PSScriptRoot { $MyInvocation.ScriptName | Split-Path }\n\nfunction ThrowFunction($i)\n{\n    "ThrowFunction $i"\n    $someNonExistingVariable\n}\n\n@(1, 2, 3) | ForEach-Object -Process { ThrowFunction $_ }\n

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当我们运行它时我们得到

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C:\\dev> .\\MyScript.ps1\nThrowFunction 1\nForEach-Object : The variable \'$someNonExistingVariable\' cannot be retrieved because it has not      been set.\nAt C:\\dev\\MyScript.ps1:18 char:28\n+ @(1, 2, 3) | ForEach-Object <<<<  -Process { ThrowFunction $_ }\n    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (someNonExistingVariable:Token) [ForEach-Object],     RuntimeException\n    + FullyQualifiedErrorId :      VariableIsUndefined,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.ForEachObjectCommand\n

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正如您所看到的，它在第 18 行报告了问题

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但实际的问题是在第 #15 行

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我发现如果我们改变第8行：

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$script:ErrorActionPreference = "Continue"\n

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我们得到

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C:\\dev> .\\MyScript.ps1\nThrowFunction 1\nThe variable \'$someNonExistingVariable\' cannot be retrieved because it has not been set.\nAt C:\\dev\\MyScript.ps1:15 char:29\n+     $someNonExistingVariable <<<<\n    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (someNonExistingVariable:Token) [], RuntimeException\n    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : VariableIsUndefined\n\nThrowFunction 2\nThe variable \'$someNonExistingVariable\' cannot be retrieved because it has not been set.\nAt C:\\dev\\MyScript.ps1:15 char:29\n+     $someNonExistingVariable <<<<\n    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (someNonExistingVariable:Token) [], RuntimeException\n    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : VariableIsUndefined\n\nThrowFunction 3\nThe variable \'$someNonExistingVariable\' cannot be retrieved because it has not been set.\nAt C:\\dev\\MyScript.ps1:15 char:29\n+     $someNonExistingVariable <<<<\n    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (someNonExistingVariable:Token) [],     RuntimeException\n    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : VariableIsUndefined\n

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您会看到现在第 15 行已按预期报告。

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现在的问题是如何获得正确的行并具有 \xe2\x80\x9cStop\xe2\x80\x9d 行为。

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我尝试了很多方法，但没有一个对我有用。

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我试过

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trap { throw $_ }\n\ntrap { $_.InvocationInfo }\n\ntrap { Get-PSCallStack }\n

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但他们都没有找到正确的路线

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然后我尝试切换

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$script:ErrorActionPreference = "Continue"\n

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发现只要添加任何trap，就又报错行了。

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所以我仍在寻找可行的解决方案......

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Answer 1

感谢@Keith Hill，我找到了解决方案

魔法线是

trap { throw $Error[0] }

这个脚本

#requires -version 2.0

[CmdletBinding()]
param
(
)

$script:ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
Set-StrictMode -Version Latest
function PSScriptRoot { $MyInvocation.ScriptName | Split-Path }

trap { throw $Error[0] }

function ThrowFunction($i)
{
    "ThrowFunction $i"
    $someNonExistingVariable
}

@(1, 2, 3) | ForEach-Object -Process { ThrowFunction $_ }

回报

C:\Dev> .\MyScript.ps1
ThrowFunction 1
The variable '$someNonExistingVariable' cannot be retrieved because it has not been set.
At C:\Dev\MyScript.ps1:17 char:29
+     $someNonExistingVariable <<<<
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (someNonExistingVariable:Token) [], RuntimeException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : VariableIsUndefined

伟大的！