使用Python API运行ansible-playbook

Question

如何在python脚本中运行playbook？在python中使用ansible模块的等价物如下:

ansible -i hosts dbservers -m setup
ansible-playbook -i hosts -vvvv -k site.yml

我在http://docs.ansible.com/developing_api.html上查看他们的文档,但他们的示例非常有限.

Answer 1

弃用通知:此帖不适用于ansible 2. API已更改.

这在Ansible文档的 "Python API"中有所介绍.

例如,ansible -i hosts dbservers -m setup通过以下方式实现:

import ansible.runner

runner = ansible.runner.Runner(
   module_name='setup',
   module_args='',
   pattern='dbservers',
)
dbservers_get_facts = runner.run()

__init__Runner(from ansible.runner)的方法中有许多未记录的参数.有举不胜举内嵌,但我已经包括了一些在这个岗位作为猜测什么你专门找参数.

class Runner(object):
    ''' core API interface to ansible '''

    # see bin/ansible for how this is used...

    def __init__(self,
        host_list=C.DEFAULT_HOST_LIST,      # ex: /etc/ansible/hosts, legacy usage
        module_path=None,                   # ex: /usr/share/ansible
        module_name=C.DEFAULT_MODULE_NAME,  # ex: copy
        module_args=C.DEFAULT_MODULE_ARGS,  # ex: "src=/tmp/a dest=/tmp/b"
        ...
        pattern=C.DEFAULT_PATTERN,          # which hosts?  ex: 'all', 'acme.example.org'
        remote_user=C.DEFAULT_REMOTE_USER,  # ex: 'username'
        remote_pass=C.DEFAULT_REMOTE_PASS,  # ex: 'password123' or None if using key
        remote_port=None,                   # if SSH on different ports
        private_key_file=C.DEFAULT_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE, # if not using keys/passwords
        sudo_pass=C.DEFAULT_SUDO_PASS,      # ex: 'password123' or None
        ...
        sudo=False,                         # whether to run sudo or not
        sudo_user=C.DEFAULT_SUDO_USER,      # ex: 'root'
        module_vars=None,                   # a playbooks internals thing
        play_vars=None,                     #
        play_file_vars=None,                #
        role_vars=None,                     #
        role_params=None,                   #
        default_vars=None,                  #
        extra_vars=None,                    # extra vars specified with he playbook(s)
        is_playbook=False,                  # running from playbook or not?
        inventory=None,                     # reference to Inventory object
        ...
        su=False,                           # Are we running our command via su?
        su_user=None,                       # User to su to when running command, ex: 'root'
        su_pass=C.DEFAULT_SU_PASS,
        vault_pass=None,
        ...
        ):

例如,上面指定sudo用户和pass的命令将是:

runner = ansible.runner.Runner(
   module_name='setup',
   module_args='',
   pattern='dbservers',
   remote_user='some_user'
   remote_pass='some_pass_or_python_expression_that_returns_a_string'
)

对于playbooks,请查看playbook.PlayBook,它采用了一组类似的初始值设定项:

class PlayBook(object):
    '''
    runs an ansible playbook, given as a datastructure or YAML filename.
    ...
    '''

    # *****************************************************

    def __init__(self,
        playbook         = None,
        host_list        = C.DEFAULT_HOST_LIST,
        module_path      = None,
        .... 

并且可以使用该.run()方法执行.例如:

from ansible.playbook import PlayBook
pb = PlayBook(playbook='/path/to/book.yml, --other initializers--)
pb.run()

可以在ansible-playbook文件中找到更强大的用法.

据我所知,将剧本翻译成Python模块需要更多参与,但上面列出的文档应该让你了解,你可以重用Ansible中内置的YAML解析器将剧本转换为变量.

Answer 2

只是一个适用于 2.8.3 的快速代码更新，

from ansible import context
from ansible.cli import CLI
from ansible.module_utils.common.collections import ImmutableDict
from ansible.executor.playbook_executor import PlaybookExecutor
from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader
from ansible.inventory.manager import InventoryManager
from ansible.vars.manager import VariableManager

loader = DataLoader()

context.CLIARGS = ImmutableDict(tags={}, listtags=False, listtasks=False, listhosts=False, syntax=False, connection='ssh',
                    module_path=None, forks=100, remote_user='xxx', private_key_file=None,
                    ssh_common_args=None, ssh_extra_args=None, sftp_extra_args=None, scp_extra_args=None, become=True,
                    become_method='sudo', become_user='root', verbosity=True, check=False, start_at_task=None)

inventory = InventoryManager(loader=loader, sources=('/xxx/inventory_file',))

variable_manager = VariableManager(loader=loader, inventory=inventory, version_info=CLI.version_info(gitinfo=False))

pbex = PlaybookExecutor(playbooks=['/xxx/playbook.yml'], inventory=inventory, variable_manager=variable_manager, loader=loader, passwords={})

results = pbex.run()

Answer 3

我在这里回答了这个问题在这里 发布这个因为在社区中不鼓励发布链接.希望能帮助到你.

文档令人惊讶地缺乏,你必须在这里开始

话虽这么说,这是一个快速的脚本,我一起黑客,设法运行一个剧本.

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os
import sys
from collections import namedtuple

from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader
from ansible.vars.manager import VariableManager
from ansible.inventory.manager import Inventory
from ansible.executor.playbook_executor import PlaybookExecutor

loader = DataLoader()

inventory = Inventory(loader=loader, sources='/home/slotlocker/hosts2')
variable_manager = VariableManager(loader=loader, inventory=inventory)
playbook_path = '/home/slotlocker/ls.yml'

if not os.path.exists(playbook_path):
    print '[INFO] The playbook does not exist'
    sys.exit()

Options = namedtuple('Options', ['listtags', 'listtasks', 'listhosts', 'syntax', 'connection','module_path', 'forks', 'remote_user', 'private_key_file', 'ssh_common_args', 'ssh_extra_args', 'sftp_extra_args', 'scp_extra_args', 'become', 'become_method', 'become_user', 'verbosity', 'check','diff'])
options = Options(listtags=False, listtasks=False, listhosts=False, syntax=False, connection='ssh', module_path=None, forks=100, remote_user='slotlocker', private_key_file=None, ssh_common_args=None, ssh_extra_args=None, sftp_extra_args=None, scp_extra_args=None, become=True, become_method='sudo', become_user='root', verbosity=None, check=False, diff=False)

variable_manager.extra_vars = {'hosts': 'mywebserver'} # This can accomodate various other command line arguments.`

passwords = {}

pbex = PlaybookExecutor(playbooks=[playbook_path], inventory=inventory, variable_manager=variable_manager, loader=loader, options=options, passwords=passwords)

results = pbex.run()

Answer 4

Ansible 提供了可用于此目的的ansible-runnerPython 包（PyPI、GitHub ）。

文档中的用法示例：

import ansible_runner
r = ansible_runner.run(private_data_dir='/tmp/demo', playbook='test.yml')
print("{}: {}".format(r.status, r.rc))
# successful: 0
for each_host_event in r.events:
    print(each_host_event['event'])
print("Final status:")
print(r.stats)