如何自动将上传的CSV或XLS文件中的数据导入Google表格

Question

我在服务器上有一个遗留数据库系统(不可通过Web访问),可以生成CSV或XLS报告到Google Drive文件夹.目前,我手动在云端硬盘网络界面中打开这些文件并将其转换为Google表格.

我宁愿这是自动的,这样我就可以创建在其他工作表中追加/转换和绘制数据的作业.

是否可以输出本机.gsheet文件？或者,有无法通过Google Apps或基于Windows的脚本/实用程序将CSV或XLS保存到Google云端硬盘后以编程方式将其转换为.gsheet吗？

Answer 1

您可以使用Google Apps脚本以编程方式将数据从驱动器中的csv文件导入到现有的Google表格中,根据需要替换/附加数据.

下面是一些示例代码.它假设:a)您在云端硬盘中有一个指定文件夹,其中保存/上传了CSV文件; b) CSV文件名为"report.csv",其中的数据以逗号分隔; 和c)中的CSV数据被导入到一个指定的电子表格.有关详细信息,请参阅代码中的注释

function importData() {
  var fSource = DriveApp.getFolderById(reports_folder_id); // reports_folder_id = id of folder where csv reports are saved
  var fi = fSource.getFilesByName('report.csv'); // latest report file
  var ss = SpreadsheetApp.openById(data_sheet_id); // data_sheet_id = id of spreadsheet that holds the data to be updated with new report data

  if ( fi.hasNext() ) { // proceed if "report.csv" file exists in the reports folder
    var file = fi.next();
    var csv = file.getBlob().getDataAsString();
    var csvData = CSVToArray(csv); // see below for CSVToArray function
    var newsheet = ss.insertSheet('NEWDATA'); // create a 'NEWDATA' sheet to store imported data
    // loop through csv data array and insert (append) as rows into 'NEWDATA' sheet
    for ( var i=0, lenCsv=csvData.length; i<lenCsv; i++ ) {
      newsheet.getRange(i+1, 1, 1, csvData[i].length).setValues(new Array(csvData[i]));
    }
    /*
    ** report data is now in 'NEWDATA' sheet in the spreadsheet - process it as needed,
    ** then delete 'NEWDATA' sheet using ss.deleteSheet(newsheet)
    */
    // rename the report.csv file so it is not processed on next scheduled run
    file.setName("report-"+(new Date().toString())+".csv");
  }
};


// http://www.bennadel.com/blog/1504-Ask-Ben-Parsing-CSV-Strings-With-Javascript-Exec-Regular-Expression-Command.htm
// This will parse a delimited string into an array of
// arrays. The default delimiter is the comma, but this
// can be overriden in the second argument.

function CSVToArray( strData, strDelimiter ) {
  // Check to see if the delimiter is defined. If not,
  // then default to COMMA.
  strDelimiter = (strDelimiter || ",");

  // Create a regular expression to parse the CSV values.
  var objPattern = new RegExp(
    (
      // Delimiters.
      "(\\" + strDelimiter + "|\\r?\\n|\\r|^)" +

      // Quoted fields.
      "(?:\"([^\"]*(?:\"\"[^\"]*)*)\"|" +

      // Standard fields.
      "([^\"\\" + strDelimiter + "\\r\\n]*))"
    ),
    "gi"
  );

  // Create an array to hold our data. Give the array
  // a default empty first row.
  var arrData = [[]];

  // Create an array to hold our individual pattern
  // matching groups.
  var arrMatches = null;

  // Keep looping over the regular expression matches
  // until we can no longer find a match.
  while (arrMatches = objPattern.exec( strData )){

    // Get the delimiter that was found.
    var strMatchedDelimiter = arrMatches[ 1 ];

    // Check to see if the given delimiter has a length
    // (is not the start of string) and if it matches
    // field delimiter. If id does not, then we know
    // that this delimiter is a row delimiter.
    if (
      strMatchedDelimiter.length &&
      (strMatchedDelimiter != strDelimiter)
    ){

      // Since we have reached a new row of data,
      // add an empty row to our data array.
      arrData.push( [] );

    }

    // Now that we have our delimiter out of the way,
    // let's check to see which kind of value we
    // captured (quoted or unquoted).
    if (arrMatches[ 2 ]){

      // We found a quoted value. When we capture
      // this value, unescape any double quotes.
      var strMatchedValue = arrMatches[ 2 ].replace(
        new RegExp( "\"\"", "g" ),
        "\""
      );

    } else {

      // We found a non-quoted value.
      var strMatchedValue = arrMatches[ 3 ];

    }

    // Now that we have our value string, let's add
    // it to the data array.
    arrData[ arrData.length - 1 ].push( strMatchedValue );
  }

  // Return the parsed data.
  return( arrData );
};

然后,您可以在脚本项目中创建时间驱动的触发器以importData()定期运行功能(例如,每天凌晨1点),因此您只需将新的report.csv文件放入指定的Drive文件夹中,它将是在下次计划的运行中自动处理.

如果您绝对必须使用Excel文件而不是CSV,那么您可以使用下面的代码.要使其正常运行,您必须在脚本和开发人员控制台中的高级Google服务中启用Drive API(有关详细信息,请参阅如何启用高级服务).

/**
 * Convert Excel file to Sheets
 * @param {Blob} excelFile The Excel file blob data; Required
 * @param {String} filename File name on uploading drive; Required
 * @param {Array} arrParents Array of folder ids to put converted file in; Optional, will default to Drive root folder
 * @return {Spreadsheet} Converted Google Spreadsheet instance
 **/
function convertExcel2Sheets(excelFile, filename, arrParents) {

  var parents  = arrParents || []; // check if optional arrParents argument was provided, default to empty array if not
  if ( !parents.isArray ) parents = []; // make sure parents is an array, reset to empty array if not

  // Parameters for Drive API Simple Upload request (see https://developers.google.com/drive/web/manage-uploads#simple)
  var uploadParams = {
    method:'post',
    contentType: 'application/vnd.ms-excel', // works for both .xls and .xlsx files
    contentLength: excelFile.getBytes().length,
    headers: {'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + ScriptApp.getOAuthToken()},
    payload: excelFile.getBytes()
  };

  // Upload file to Drive root folder and convert to Sheets
  var uploadResponse = UrlFetchApp.fetch('https://www.googleapis.com/upload/drive/v2/files/?uploadType=media&convert=true', uploadParams);

  // Parse upload&convert response data (need this to be able to get id of converted sheet)
  var fileDataResponse = JSON.parse(uploadResponse.getContentText());

  // Create payload (body) data for updating converted file's name and parent folder(s)
  var payloadData = {
    title: filename, 
    parents: []
  };
  if ( parents.length ) { // Add provided parent folder(s) id(s) to payloadData, if any
    for ( var i=0; i<parents.length; i++ ) {
      try {
        var folder = DriveApp.getFolderById(parents[i]); // check that this folder id exists in drive and user can write to it
        payloadData.parents.push({id: parents[i]});
      }
      catch(e){} // fail silently if no such folder id exists in Drive
    }
  }
  // Parameters for Drive API File Update request (see https://developers.google.com/drive/v2/reference/files/update)
  var updateParams = {
    method:'put',
    headers: {'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + ScriptApp.getOAuthToken()},
    contentType: 'application/json',
    payload: JSON.stringify(payloadData)
  };

  // Update metadata (filename and parent folder(s)) of converted sheet
  UrlFetchApp.fetch('https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v2/files/'+fileDataResponse.id, updateParams);

  return SpreadsheetApp.openById(fileDataResponse.id);
}

/**
 * Sample use of convertExcel2Sheets() for testing
 **/
 function testConvertExcel2Sheets() {
  var xlsId = "0B9**************OFE"; // ID of Excel file to convert
  var xlsFile = DriveApp.getFileById(xlsId); // File instance of Excel file
  var xlsBlob = xlsFile.getBlob(); // Blob source of Excel file for conversion
  var xlsFilename = xlsFile.getName(); // File name to give to converted file; defaults to same as source file
  var destFolders = []; // array of IDs of Drive folders to put converted file in; empty array = root folder
  var ss = convertExcel2Sheets(xlsBlob, xlsFilename, destFolders);
  Logger.log(ss.getId());
}

上面的代码也可以作为一个要点.

Answer 2

您可以通过附加功能让Google云端硬盘自动将csv文件转换为Google表格

?convert=true

到你打电话的api url的尽头.

编辑:以下是可用参数的文档:https: //developers.google.com/drive/v2/reference/files/insert

此外,在搜索上述链接时,我发现此问题已在此处得到解答:

使用云端硬盘v2 API将CSV上传到Google云端硬盘电子表格

Answer 3

(2017年3月)接受的答案不是最佳解决方案.它依赖于使用Apps脚本进行手动翻译,而且代码可能不具备弹性,需要维护.如果您的旧版系统自动生成CSV文件,则最好将其转到另一个文件夹进行临时处理(将[上传到Google云端硬盘和转换]导入Google表格文件).

我的想法是让Drive API完成所有繁重的任务.在谷歌云端硬盘API团队发布了V3在2015年年底,并在该版本中,insert()改变了名称create(),以便更好地反映文件操作.也没有更多转换标志 - 你只需指定MIME类型......想象一下!

文档也得到了改进:现在有一个专门用于上传(简单,多部分和可恢复)的特别指南,其中包含Java,Python,PHP,C#/ .NET,Ruby,JavaScript/Node.js和iOS中的示例代码./Obj-C根据需要将CSV文件导入Google表格格式.

下面是短文件一个备用的Python的解决方案("简单的上传"),您没有需要的apiclient.http.MediaFileUpload类.此代码段假设您的身份验证代码适用于服务端点DRIVE的最小身份验证范围https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.file.

# filenames & MIMEtypes
DST_FILENAME = 'inventory'
SRC_FILENAME = DST_FILENAME + '.csv'
SHT_MIMETYPE = 'application/vnd.google-apps.spreadsheet'
CSV_MIMETYPE = 'text/csv'

# Import CSV file to Google Drive as a Google Sheets file
METADATA = {'name': DST_FILENAME, 'mimeType': SHT_MIMETYPE}
rsp = DRIVE.files().create(body=METADATA, media_body=SRC_FILENAME).execute()
if rsp:
    print('Imported %r to %r (as %s)' % (SRC_FILENAME, DST_FILENAME, rsp['mimeType']))

更好的是,而不是上传到My Drive,你上传到一个(或多个)特定文件夹,这意味着你要添加父文件夹ID METADATA.(另请参阅此页面上的代码示例.)最后,没有本机.gsheet"文件" - 该文件只有一个指向在线工作表的链接,所以上面是你想要做的.

如果不使用Python,您可以使用上面的代码作为伪代码来移植到您的系统语言.无论如何,维护的代码要少得多,因为没有CSV解析.唯一剩下的就是吹走旧系统写入的CSV文件临时文件夹.