Django让我安装pytz,现在我的模型不会验证Django

Question

在测试我刚刚设置的项目时,我遇到了这个错误

Exception Type: ImproperlyConfigured
Exception Value:    
This query requires pytz, but it isn't installed.

经过一番谷歌搜索后,我发现我得到了这个,因为在我指定的设置中

USE_TZ = True

我相信它应该让我的项目时区意识到.

所以我跑了一个sudo pip install pytz安装pytz所以我不会得到这个错误.问题是,现在,安装了pytz后,我的模型将无法在我尝试时验证,./manage.py runserver并且我收到此错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./manage.py", line 10, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/Users/user/.virtualenvs/app/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 385, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Users/user/.virtualenvs/app/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 354, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "/Users/user/.virtualenvs/app/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
    from django.utils.log import configure_logging
  File "/Users/user/.virtualenvs/app/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/log.py", line 10, in <module>
    from django.views.debug import ExceptionReporter, get_exception_reporter_filter
  File "/Users/user/.virtualenvs/app/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/views/debug.py", line 10, in <module>
    from django.http import (HttpResponse, HttpResponseServerError,
  File "/Users/user/.virtualenvs/app/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/http/__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.http.response import (HttpResponse, StreamingHttpResponse,
  File "/Users/user/.virtualenvs/app/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/http/response.py", line 13, in <module>
    from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
  File "/Users/user/.virtualenvs/app/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/serializers/__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
    from django.core.serializers.base import SerializerDoesNotExist
  File "/Users/user/.virtualenvs/app/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/serializers/base.py", line 6, in <module>
    from django.db import models
  File "/Users/user/.virtualenvs/app/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
    from django.db.models.query import Q, QuerySet, Prefetch  # NOQA
  File "/Users/user/.virtualenvs/app/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 13, in <module>
    from django.db.models.fields import AutoField, Empty
  File "/Users/user/.virtualenvs/app/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 15, in <module>
    from django.db.models.lookups import default_lookups, RegisterLookupMixin
  File "/Users/user/.virtualenvs/app/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/lookups.py", line 6, in <module>
    from django.utils import timezone
  File "/Users/user/.virtualenvs/app/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/timezone.py", line 149, in <module>
    utc = pytz.utc if pytz else UTC()
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'utc'

这里发生了什么？为什么我会收到此错误？对我来说这看起来问题来自pytz,但我不确定.任何帮助将不胜感激.

这是我的模型,在安装pytz之前工作正常

from django.db import models
from django.conf import settings

# Create your models here.
class Item(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, )
    description = models.TextField()
    seller = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=11, decimal_places=2)
    timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    last_updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)


    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

编辑:我添加了我的views.py文件

from .models import Item

from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView

class ItemListView(ListView):
    model = Item

class ItemDetailView(DetailView):
    model = Item

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
       # Call the base implementation first to get a context
       #This is getting a dictionary of the objects being displayed to
       #the template
       context = super(ItemDetailView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
       # Add in a QuerySet of all items up for trade by the user
       context['other_things_for_trade_by_user'] = Item.objects.filter(seller=context['seller'])
       return context

Answer 1

正如所建议的，这个问题是由 pytz 和 django 版本不匹配引起的。通过卸载 pytz 和 django 并使用 pip 重新安装它们可以解决此问题。