如何通过进程名称获取PID？

Question

有什么方法可以通过Python中的进程名称获取PID吗？

  PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S  %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND                                                                                        
 3110 meysam    20   0  971m 286m  63m S  14.0  7.9  14:24.50 chrome 

例如,我需要获得3110通过chrome.

Answer 1

您可以pidof通过subprocess.check_output使用名称获取进程的pid :

from subprocess import check_output
def get_pid(name):
    return check_output(["pidof",name])


In [5]: get_pid("java")
Out[5]: '23366\n'

check_output(["pidof",name])将运行命令as "pidof process_name",如果返回代码非零,则会引发CalledProcessError.

要处理多个条目并转换为整数:

from subprocess import check_output
def get_pid(name):
    return map(int,check_output(["pidof",name]).split())

在[21]中:get_pid("chrome")

Out[21]: 
[27698, 27678, 27665, 27649, 27540, 27530, 27517, 14884, 14719, 13849, 13708, 7713, 7310, 7291, 7217, 7208, 7204, 7189, 7180, 7175, 7166, 7151, 7138, 7127, 7117, 7114, 7107, 7095, 7091, 7087, 7083, 7073, 7065, 7056, 7048, 7028, 7011, 6997]

或者通过-s旗帜获得一个pid:

def get_pid(name):
    return int(check_output(["pidof","-s",name]))

In [25]: get_pid("chrome")
Out[25]: 27698

Answer 2

您可以使用psutil包：

安装

pip install psutil

用法：

pip install psutil

Answer 3

你也可以使用pgrep,prgep你也可以给出匹配模式

import subprocess
child = subprocess.Popen(['pgrep','program_name'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
result = child.communicate()[0]

你也可以awk像这样用ps

ps aux | awk '/name/{print $2}'

Answer 4

对于posix(Linux,BSD等...只需要安装/ proc目录),使用/ proc中的os文件更容易.它纯粹的python,无需在外面调用shell程序.

适用于python 2和3(唯一的区别(2to3)是Exception树,因此是" Exception ",我不喜欢但保持兼容性.也可以创建自定义异常.)

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os
import sys


for dirname in os.listdir('/proc'):
    if dirname == 'curproc':
        continue

    try:
        with open('/proc/{}/cmdline'.format(dirname), mode='rb') as fd:
            content = fd.read().decode().split('\x00')
    except Exception:
        continue

    for i in sys.argv[1:]:
        if i in content[0]:
            print('{0:<12} : {1}'.format(dirname, ' '.join(content)))

示例输出(它的工作方式类似于pgrep):

phoemur ~/python $ ./pgrep.py bash
1487         : -bash 
1779         : /bin/bash

Answer 5

为了改进 Padraic 的答案：当check_output返回非零代码时，它会引发 CalledProcessError。当进程不存在或未运行时会发生这种情况。

我会做些什么来捕捉这个异常：

#!/usr/bin/python

from subprocess import check_output, CalledProcessError

def getPIDs(process):
    try:
        pidlist = map(int, check_output(["pidof", process]).split())
    except  CalledProcessError:
        pidlist = []
    print 'list of PIDs = ' + ', '.join(str(e) for e in pidlist)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    getPIDs("chrome")

输出：

$ python pidproc.py
list of PIDS = 31840, 31841, 41942

Answer 6

基于出色的@Hackaholic 答案的完整示例：

def get_process_id(name):
    """Return process ids found by (partial) name or regex.

    >>> get_process_id('kthreadd')
    [2]
    >>> get_process_id('watchdog')
    [10, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41, 46, 51, 56, 61]  # ymmv
    >>> get_process_id('non-existent process')
    []
    """
    child = subprocess.Popen(['pgrep', '-f', name], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=False)
    response = child.communicate()[0]
    return [int(pid) for pid in response.split()]