在bash中提取没有路径和扩展名的文件基名

Question

给定这样的文件名:

/the/path/foo.txt
bar.txt

我希望得到:

foo
bar

为什么这不起作用？

#!/bin/bash

fullfile=$1
fname=$(basename $fullfile)
fbname=${fname%.*}
echo $fbname

什么是正确的方法呢？

Answer 1

您不必调用外部basename命令.相反,您可以使用以下命令:

$ s=/the/path/foo.txt
$ echo ${s##*/}
foo.txt
$ s=${s##*/}
$ echo ${s%.txt}
foo
$ echo ${s%.*}
foo

请注意,这个解决方案应该在所有最近的(工作后2004年)POSIX兼容的外壳(例如bash,dash,ksh等).

来源:Shell命令语言2.6.2参数扩展

有关bash String Manipulations的更多信息:http: //tldp.org/LDP/LG/issue18/bash.html

Answer 2

的基名命令有两种不同调用; 在一个中,您只指定路径,在这种情况下,它会为您提供最后一个组件,而在另一个中,您还会提供一个将删除的后缀.因此,您可以使用basename的第二次调用来简化示例代码.另外,要小心正确引用事物:

fbname=$(basename "$1" .txt)
echo "$fbname"

Answer 3

basename和cut的组合工作正常,即使在双重结尾的情况下.tar.gz:

fbname=$(basename "$fullfile" | cut -d. -f1)

如果此解决方案比Bash参数扩展需要更少的算术能力,那将会很有趣.

Answer 4

纯粹bash,不basename,没有变量杂耍.设置一个字符串并echo:

s=/the/path/foo.txt
echo ${s//+(*\/|.*)}

输出:

foo

注意:bash extglob选项必须是"on",(在Ubuntu上它默认为"on"),如果不是,请执行:

shopt -s extglob

走过${s//+(*\/|.*)}:

1. ${s- 从$ s开始.
2. // 替换模式的每个实例.
3. +(匹配一个或更多的的模式列表中括号.
4. *\/比赛前东西/.(第1种模式)
5. |要么.(模式分隔符.)
6. .*匹配之后什么..(第2种模式)
7. bash结束模式列表.
8. .结束参数扩展 - 因为没有)(在字符串替换之前),匹配的模式将被删除.

相关}背景:

1. 模式替换:

  ${parameter/pattern/string}
          Pattern substitution.  The pattern is expanded to produce a pat?
          tern just as in pathname expansion.  Parameter is  expanded  and
          the  longest match of pattern against its value is replaced with
          string.  If pattern begins with /, all matches  of  pattern  are
          replaced   with  string.   Normally  only  the  first  match  is
          replaced.  If pattern begins with #, it must match at the begin?
          ning of the expanded value of parameter.  If pattern begins with
          %, it must match at the end of the expanded value of  parameter.
          If string is null, matches of pattern are deleted and the / fol?
          lowing pattern may be omitted.  If parameter is @ or *, the sub?
          stitution  operation  is applied to each positional parameter in
          turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.  If parameter  is
          an  array  variable  subscripted  with  @ or *, the substitution
          operation is applied to each member of the array  in  turn,  and
          the expansion is the resultant list.

2. 扩展模式匹配:

  If the extglob shell option is enabled using the shopt builtin, several
   extended  pattern  matching operators are recognized.  In the following
   description, a pattern-list is a list of one or more patterns separated
   by a |.  Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol?
   lowing sub-patterns:

          ?(pattern-list)
                 Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns
          *(pattern-list)
                 Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns
          +(pattern-list)
                 Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns
          @(pattern-list)
                 Matches one of the given patterns
          !(pattern-list)
                 Matches anything except one of the given patterns

Answer 5

以下是oneliners:

1. $(basename ${s%.*})
2. $(basename ${s} .${s##*.})

我需要这个,就像bongbang和w4etwetewtwet所要求的一样.

Answer 6

这是获取文件名或扩展名的另一种(更复杂的)方法,首先使用rev命令反转文件路径,从第一个文件切换.,然后再次反转文件路径,如下所示:

filename=`rev <<< "$1" | cut -d"." -f2- | rev`
fileext=`rev <<< "$1" | cut -d"." -f1 | rev`