使用Python在六边形网格中显示数据

Question

我正在寻找的是一种允许我在网格中显示六边形列表的方法或类.理想情况下,我可以使用某种形式的set方法来更改单个六边形的颜色/阴影线/边框.

使用@amitp 指南中概述的轴向坐标系存储六边形.但我可以很容易地输出他们的中心作为xy坐标.

我觉得可能有一个隐藏在hexbin或RegularPolyCollection中的解决方案.但前者是直方图方法,后者由于DPI缩放而显得过于复杂.

那么有谁知道提供六边形网格的库？它不必在matplotlib中.我也很高兴使用ASCII艺术或切换到R.

Answer 1

这里有一个实现,允许您将六边形单元格设置为所需的颜色,并允许创建自定义边框颜色.

这是全部手工制作,只需使用您的参考站点1小时.您可能必须根据自己的需要进行调整,但似乎有效.

from tkinter import *

class HexaCanvas(Canvas):
    """ A canvas that provides a create-hexagone method """
    def __init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs):
        Canvas.__init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs)

        self.hexaSize = 20

    def setHexaSize(self, number):
        self.hexaSize = number


    def create_hexagone(self, x, y, color = "black", fill="blue", color1=None, color2=None, color3=None, color4=None, color5=None, color6=None):
        """ 
        Compute coordinates of 6 points relative to a center position.
        Point are numbered following this schema :

        Points in euclidiean grid:  
                    6

                5       1
                    .
                4       2

                    3

        Each color is applied to the side that link the vertex with same number to its following.
        Ex : color 1 is applied on side (vertex1, vertex2)

        Take care that tkinter ordinate axes is inverted to the standard euclidian ones.
        Point on the screen will be horizontally mirrored.
        Displayed points:

                    3
              color3/      \color2      
                4       2
            color4|     |color1
                5       1
              color6\      /color6
                    6

        """
        size = self.hexaSize
        ?x = (size**2 - (size/2)**2)**0.5

        point1 = (x+?x, y+size/2)
        point2 = (x+?x, y-size/2)
        point3 = (x   , y-size  )
        point4 = (x-?x, y-size/2)
        point5 = (x-?x, y+size/2)
        point6 = (x   , y+size  )

        #this setting allow to specify a different color for each side.
        if color1 == None:
            color1 = color
        if color2 == None:
            color2 = color
        if color3 == None:
            color3 = color
        if color4 == None:
            color4 = color
        if color5 == None:
            color5 = color
        if color6 == None:
            color6 = color

        self.create_line(point1, point2, fill=color1, width=2)
        self.create_line(point2, point3, fill=color2, width=2)
        self.create_line(point3, point4, fill=color3, width=2)
        self.create_line(point4, point5, fill=color4, width=2)
        self.create_line(point5, point6, fill=color5, width=2)
        self.create_line(point6, point1, fill=color6, width=2)

        if fill != None:
            self.create_polygon(point1, point2, point3, point4, point5, point6, fill=fill)

class HexagonalGrid(HexaCanvas):
    """ A grid whose each cell is hexagonal """
    def __init__(self, master, scale, grid_width, grid_height, *args, **kwargs):

        ?x     = (scale**2 - (scale/2.0)**2)**0.5
        width  = 2 * ?x * grid_width + ?x
        height = 1.5 * scale * grid_height + 0.5 * scale

        HexaCanvas.__init__(self, master, background='white', width=width, height=height, *args, **kwargs)
        self.setHexaSize(scale)

    def setCell(self, xCell, yCell, *args, **kwargs ):
        """ Create a content in the cell of coordinates x and y. Could specify options throught keywords : color, fill, color1, color2, color3, color4; color5, color6"""

        #compute pixel coordinate of the center of the cell:
        size = self.hexaSize
        ?x = (size**2 - (size/2)**2)**0.5

        pix_x = ?x + 2*?x*xCell
        if yCell%2 ==1 :
            pix_x += ?x

        pix_y = size + yCell*1.5*size

        self.create_hexagone(pix_x, pix_y, *args, **kwargs)



if __name__ == "__main__":
    tk = Tk()

    grid = HexagonalGrid(tk, scale = 50, grid_width=4, grid_height=4)
    grid.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)

    def correct_quit(tk):
        tk.destroy()
        tk.quit()

    quit = Button(tk, text = "Quit", command = lambda :correct_quit(tk))
    quit.grid(row=1, column=0)

    grid.setCell(0,0, fill='blue')
    grid.setCell(1,0, fill='red')
    grid.setCell(0,1, fill='green')
    grid.setCell(1,1, fill='yellow')
    grid.setCell(2,0, fill='cyan')
    grid.setCell(0,2, fill='teal')
    grid.setCell(2,1, fill='silver')
    grid.setCell(1,2, fill='white')
    grid.setCell(2,2, fill='gray')

    tk.mainloop()

我试图正确评论我的代码.如果您不清楚某些事情,请不要犹豫,要求解释.

祝你好运Arthur Vaisse.

NB:在python 3上运行的脚本.绘图有点锯齿状.Tk canvas上的改进可以添加反别名,如https://mail.python.org/pipermail/tkinter-discuss/2009-April/001904.html中所示