当我编译下面的一小段代码(我们在其中定义一个字符串,然后使用strdup进行复制)时,我得到3个警告:来自GCC的2个编译器警告和来自valgrind的1个运行时警告/错误.
我怀疑内存泄漏错误(由valgrind报告)也与我使用strdup有关,这就是我在下面包含相关输出的原因.
我究竟做错了什么?(我正在通过一本C书,这就是作者使用strdup的方式.)
代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char *string1 = "I love lamp";
char *string2;
string2 = strdup(string1);
printf("Here's string 1: %s\n"
"Here's string 2: %s\n",
string1, string2);
return 0;
}
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警告/输出:
dchaudh@dchaudhUbuntu:~/workspaceC/LearnCHW/Ex17_StructsPointers$ make test
cc -std=c99 test.c -o test
test.c: In function ‘main’:
test.c:9:3: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘strdup’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
string2 = strdup(string1);
^
test.c:9:11: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast [enabled by default]
string2 = strdup(string1);
^
dchaudh@dchaudhUbuntu:~/workspaceC/LearnCHW/Ex17_StructsPointers$ valgrind --track-origins=yes --leak-check=full ./test
==3122== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==3122== Copyright (C) 2002-2013, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==3122== Using Valgrind-3.10.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==3122== Command: ./test
==3122==
Here's string 1: I love lamp
Here's string 2: I love lamp
==3122==
==3122== HEAP SUMMARY:
==3122== in use at exit: 12 bytes in 1 blocks
==3122== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 0 frees, 12 bytes allocated
==3122==
==3122== 12 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1
==3122== at 0x4C2ABBD: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:296)
==3122== by 0x4EBF2B9: strdup (strdup.c:42)
==3122== by 0x4005A4: main (in /home/dchaudh/workspaceC/LearnCHW/Ex17_StructsPointers/test)
==3122==
==3122== LEAK SUMMARY:
==3122== definitely lost: 12 bytes in 1 blocks
==3122== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==3122== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==3122== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==3122== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==3122==
==3122== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==3122== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
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AnT*_*AnT 19
C标准库没有这样的功能strdup.然而,这种流行的功能通常由标准库实现作为扩展提供.在GCC实现中<string.h>,声明了这个函数,你可以包含它.
但是,当您使用更严格的标准设置编译代码时-std=c99,编译器会隐藏标准库头中的非标准函数声明.这就是strdup您案件中的声明.您收到的警告是当您尝试调用未声明的函数时发出的典型警告.从形式上看,从C99的角度来看,这是一个错误,但是在这种情况下,您的编译器确定警告就足够了.如果-std=c99从编译器的命令行中删除该开关,则声明strdup将变为可见,并且代码将在没有该警告的情况下编译.
从技术上讲,-std=c99在命令行中指定使GCC定义__STRICT_ANSI__宏,这会导致所有非ANSI函数声明从标准头中"消失".
该函数仍然存在于库中,这就是您的代码正确链接的原因.请注意,它不一定正常运行,因为编译器假定strdup返回一个int,而实际上它返回一个指针.
valgrind报告只是内存泄漏的结果.当你不再需要它时strdup,分配你应该free自己的内存.
strdup() 不是标准C。它是POSIX扩展。
要strdup()在使用该选件的情况下即使针对GCC严格遵守C99要求也要提供该功能,-std=c99您#define至少需要以下一项:
_SVID_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500
|| _XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
|| /* Since glibc 2.12: */ _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L
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例如,通过编码(包括之前<string.h>):
#define _SVID_SOURCE
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要么:
#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
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另外,您可以通过GCC的命令行将这些定义作为选项传递
-D_SVID_SOURCE
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要么
-D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L
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