如何从python中的线程池中获取结果？

Question

我在这里搜索了如何在python中进行线程化,但到目前为止我还没有得到我需要的答案.我对Queue和Threading python类不太熟悉,因此这里出现的一些anwsers对我来说毫无意义.

我想创建一个线程池,我可以给出不同的任务,当它们全部结束时获取结果值并处理它们.到目前为止,我试图这样做,但我无法得到结果.我写的代码是:

from threading import Thread
from Queue import Queue

class Worker(Thread):
    """Thread executing tasks from a given tasks queue"""
    def __init__(self, tasks):
        Thread.__init__(self)
        self.tasks = tasks
        self.daemon = True
        self.result = None
        self.start()
    def run(self):
        while True:
            func, args, kargs = self.tasks.get()
            try:
                self.result = func(*args, **kargs)
            except Exception, e:
                print e
            self.tasks.task_done()
    def get_result(self):
        return self.result

class ThreadPool:
    """Pool of threads consuming tasks from a queue"""
    def __init__(self, num_threads):
        self.tasks = Queue(num_threads)
        self.results = []
        for _ in range(num_threads):
            w = Worker(self.tasks)
            self.results.append(w.get_result())
    def add_task(self, func, *args, **kargs):
        """Add a task to the queue"""
        self.tasks.put((func, args, kargs))
    def wait_completion(self):
        """Wait for completion of all the tasks in the queue"""
        self.tasks.join()
    def get_results(self):
        return self.results

def foo(word, number):
    print word*number
    return number

words = ['hello', 'world', 'test', 'word', 'another test']
numbers = [1,2,3,4,5]
pool = ThreadPool(5)
for i in range(0, len(words)):
    pool.add_task(foo, words[i], numbers[i])

pool.wait_completion()
results = pool.get_results()
print results

输出打印字符串,给定的次数是给定的数字,但结果列表是完整的无值,所以我应该把func的返回值.

或者简单的方法是创建一个列表,我填充队列并添加一个字典或一些变量来将结果存储为我的函数的参数,并在将任务添加到队列后将此结果参数添加到结果列表中:

def foo(word, number, r):
    print word*number
    r[(word,number)] = number
    return number

words = ['hello', 'world', 'test', 'word', 'another test']
numbers = [1,2,3,4,5]
pool = ThreadPool(5)
results = []
for i in range(0, len(words)):
    r = {}
    pool.add_task(foo, words[i], numbers[i], r)
    results.append(r)
print results

我将非常感谢你的帮助.

Answer 1

Python实际上有一个你可以使用的内置线程池,它没有很好地记录:

from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool

def foo(word, number):
    print (word * number)
    r[(word,number)] = number
    return number

words = ['hello', 'world', 'test', 'word', 'another test']
numbers = [1,2,3,4,5]
pool = ThreadPool(5)
results = []
for i in range(0, len(words)):
    results.append(pool.apply_async(foo, args=(words[i], numbers[i])))

pool.close()
pool.join()
results = [r.get() for r in results]
print results

或(使用map而不是apply_async):

from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool

def foo(word, number):
    print word*number
    return number

def starfoo(args):
    """ 

    We need this because map only supports calling functions with one arg. 
    We need to pass two args, so we use this little wrapper function to
    expand a zipped list of all our arguments.

    """    
    return foo(*args)

words = ['hello', 'world', 'test', 'word', 'another test']
numbers = [1,2,3,4,5]
pool = ThreadPool(5)
# We need to zip together the two lists because map only supports calling functions
# with one argument. In Python 3.3+, you can use starmap instead.
results = pool.map(starfoo, zip(words, numbers))
print results

pool.close()
pool.join()