Android Studio多个dex文件gradle错误

Question

当我在Android Studio中运行Android应用程序时,我收到此错误

UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
    com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Lcom/google/common/annotations/Beta;
...

这是gradlew -q:app:dependencies的输出

+--- project :shared
+--- com.google.api-client:google-api-client:1.19.0
|    +--- com.google.oauth-client:google-oauth-client:1.19.0
|    |    +--- com.google.http-client:google-http-client:1.19.0
|    |    |    +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:1.3.9
|    |    |    \--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.0.1
|    |    |         +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.0.1
|    |    |         +--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.1
|    |    |         \--- commons-codec:commons-codec:1.3
|    |    \--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:1.3.9
|    +--- com.google.http-client:google-http-client-jackson2:1.19.0
|    |    +--- com.google.http-client:google-http-client:1.19.0 (*)
|    |    \--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.1.3
|    \--- com.google.guava:guava-jdk5:13.0
+--- com.google.http-client:google-http-client-gson:1.19.0
|    \--- com.google.code.gson:gson:2.1
+--- com.google.api-client:google-api-client-android:1.19.0
|    +--- com.google.api-client:google-api-client:1.19.0 (*)
|    \--- com.google.http-client:google-http-client-android:1.19.0
|         \--- com.google.http-client:google-http-client:1.19.0 (*)
+--- com.google.http-client:google-http-client-android:1.19.0 (*)
+--- com.google.guava:guava:14.0.+ -> 14.0.1
+--- project :backend-appengine
|    \--- com.google.api-client:google-api-client-android:1.19.0 (*)
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:20.0.0
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:20.0.0
|         \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:20.0.0
+--- com.google.android.gms:play-services:5.0.89
\--- com.google.maps.android:android-maps-utils:0.3.+ -> 0.3.1

这是build.gradle中的依赖块

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    compile project(':shared')
    // Add the Google API client library.
    compile(group: 'com.google.api-client', name: 'google-api-client', version: '1.19.0') {
        // Exclude artifacts that the Android SDK/Runtime provides.
        exclude(group: 'com.google.guava')     //-- !!! this does not seem to work !!!
        exclude(group: 'xpp3', module: 'xpp3')
        exclude(group: 'org.apache.httpcomponents', module: 'httpclient')
        exclude(group: 'junit', module: 'junit')
        exclude(group: 'com.google.android', module: 'android')
        exclude(group: 'com.google.http-client', module: 'google-http-client')
    }

    compile('com.google.http-client:google-http-client-gson:1.19.0') {
        exclude module: 'httpclient'
        exclude(group: 'com.google.http-client', module: 'google-http-client')
    }

    compile(group: 'com.google.api-client', name: 'google-api-client-android', version: '1.19.0') {
        exclude(group: 'com.google.android.gms', module: 'play-services')
        exclude group: 'com.google.guava', module: 'guava-jdk5'
    }

   compile(group: 'com.google.http-client', name: 'google-http-client-android', version: '1.19.0') {
        exclude(group: 'com.google.android', module: 'android')
    }

    // This is used by the Google HTTP client library.
    compile(group: 'com.google.guava', name: 'guava', version: '14.0.+')

    //-- endpoints
    dependencies {
        compile project(path: ':backend-appengine', configuration: 'android-endpoints')
    }

    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:20.0.0'
    compile ('com.google.android.gms:play-services:5.0.89') {
        exclude(group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-v4')
    }
    compile ('com.google.maps.android:android-maps-utils:0.3.+') {
        exclude(group: 'com.google.android.gms', module: 'play-services')
    }   
}

Answer 1

对于在Android应用中使用Google Cloud Endpoints的用户:

compile(project(path: ':backend', configuration: 'android-endpoints')) {
    exclude(module: 'guava-jdk5')
}

backend使用AppEngine应用程序的模块名称在哪里.

在其他所有情况下,只需寻找guava-jdk5传递依赖并排除它.

Answer 2

该com.google.common.annotations包装似乎是番石榴的一部分.我在依赖项中看到了两次略有不同的变体:一次作为Google API Client的一部分,一次作为您自己的依赖项:

+--- com.google.api-client:google-api-client:1.19.0
|    \--- com.google.guava:guava-jdk5:13.0

和

+--- com.google.guava:guava:14.0.+ -> 14.0.1

因此,此错误的原因是您在其他依赖项中包含的多个dex文件(在Guava库的不同变体中)中定义了相同的类.您需要找到一种方法来排除这些重复的依赖项,或者可能只是确保您在所有依赖项中使用相同的版本.

您可以尝试的一件事是从其中一个依赖项中排除guava模块.因此,在定义API客户端模块的位置,为guava模块添加排除规则:

compile ('com.google.api-client:google-api-client:1.19.0') {
    exclude group: 'com.google.guava', module: 'guava-jdk5'
}

我不能保证这不会给Google API客户端库带来问题(因为它们是两个不同版本的Guava),但值得一试.

编辑:从你的倾向,尝试改变这个:

compile(group: 'com.google.api-client', name: 'google-api-client', version: '1.19.0') {
    // Exclude artifacts that the Android SDK/Runtime provides.
    exclude(group: 'com.google.guava')     //-- !!! this does not seem to work !!!

至:

compile(group: 'com.google.api-client', name: 'google-api-client', version: '1.19.0') {
    exclude(group: 'com.google.guava', module: 'guava-jdk5')

google-api-client-android库实际上并不包含Guava - 我没有意识到你有两个类似命名的依赖项.

Answer 3

看来你不能在同一个项目中同时使用guava和guava-jdk5.Guava-jdk5仍在维护中,因此请考虑将项目的guava引用更改为guava-jdk5:

compile 'com.google.guava:guava-jdk5:17.0'

Answer 4

这是正确的解决方案,对我有用.从每个单独的导入中排除guava-jdk5依赖模块是适得其反的(对我来说它不起作用,因为我有一些内部依赖来自我的应用程序所依赖的后端,这暴露了这种方法的真正问题).

以下解决了问题,是推荐的方法:

configurations {
    all*.exclude group: 'com.google.guava', module: 'guava-jdk5'
}

资料来源:https://docs.gradle.org/current/dsl/org.gradle.api.artifacts.Configuration.html