如何在Ubuntu中的localhost上安装SSL？

Question

我想在Ubuntu环境中的本地主机上安装SSL证书,因为我不能直接在生产服务器上工作.我必须根据页面是HTTP还是HTTPS在我的代码中加入一些条件.

我怎样才能做到这一点？

Answer 1

键入以下命令启用apache模块:

sudo a2enmod ssl

启用S​​SL后,您必须重新启动Web服务器才能识别更改:

sudo service apache2 restart

让我们首先在Apache的配置层次结构中创建一个子目录,以放置我们将要制作的证书文件:

sudo mkdir /etc/apache2/ssl

现在我们有了放置密钥和证书的位置,我们可以通过键入以下步骤创建它们:

sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.key -out /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.crt

问题部分看起来像这样:

Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:US
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:New York
Locality Name (eg, city) []:New York City
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:Your Company
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Department of Kittens
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:your_domain.com
Email Address []:your_email@domain.com

立即使用root权限打开文件:

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf

删除注释后,文件看起来像这样:

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
    <VirtualHost _default_:443>
        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
        DocumentRoot /var/www/html
        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
        SSLEngine on
        SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
        SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
        <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
                        SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
        </FilesMatch>
        <Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
                        SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
        </Directory>
        BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \
                        nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
                        downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
        BrowserMatch "MSIE [17-9]" ssl-unclean-shutdown
    </VirtualHost>
</IfModule>

最后,它看起来像这样.条目是从原始文件修改的:

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
    <VirtualHost _default_:443>
        ServerAdmin admin@example.com
        ServerName your_domain.com
        ServerAlias www.your_domain.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/html
        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
        SSLEngine on
        SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.crt
        SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.key
        <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
            SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
        </FilesMatch>
        <Directory /var/www/html>
            SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
            DirectoryIndex index.php
            AllowOverride All
            Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
        </Directory>
        BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \
                        nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
                        downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
        BrowserMatch "MSIE [17-9]" ssl-unclean-shutdown
    </VirtualHost>
</IfModule>

完成后保存并退出文件.现在我们已经配置了启用SSL的虚拟主机,我们需要启用它.

sudo a2ensite default-ssl.conf

然后我们需要重新启动Apache来加载我们的新虚拟主机文件:

sudo service apache2 restart

现在它用https运行你的网站.. !!