如何在Android Studio的单元测试中使用Mockito/Hamcrest

Question

我希望能够在Android Studio中进行单元测试和仪器测试,并在其中使用Mockito.

我在Android Studio 0.8中使用新方法进行测试.这是:

• 用gradle建设
• 使用官方Android API进行测试(ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2等)
• 将测试放在应用程序的目录中,而不是作为单独的模块
• 在Android Studio中启动测试作为"Android Test"运行配置

如何在我的测试中编写代码,这些代码依赖于仅用于测试的库,例如mockito或hamcrest？

我想在编译和运行测试时包含这些库,但要避免将它们导出到已发布的.apk.

在https://code.google.com/p/mockito/wiki/DeclaringMockitoDependency中,我读过我应该将依赖项添加为:

dependencies {
    ....
    testCompile "org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5"
}

但是当我跑步时我得到:

构建脚本错误,找不到支持的Gradle DSL方法:'testCompile()'!

虽然我不确定它是否相关,但我使用的gradle构建文件是:

apply plugin: 'android'

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')
    compile project(':android-sdk')
    testCompile "org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5"
}

android {
    compileSdkVersion 19
    buildToolsVersion "20.0.0"

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
    }

    sourceSets {
        main {
            manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
            java.srcDirs = ['src']
            resources.srcDirs = ['src']
            aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
            renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
            res.srcDirs = ['res']
            assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
        }

        // Move the tests to tests/java, tests/res, etc...
        androidTest.setRoot('tests')

        // Note - to run the tests from command line:
        // $ gradle clean connectedCheck build
        // (requires gradle 1.10)

        // Move the build types to build-types/<type>
        // For instance, build-types/debug/java, build-types/debug/AndroidManifest.xml, ...
        // This moves them out of them default location under src/<type>/... which would
        // conflict with src/ being used by the main source set.
        // Adding new build types or product flavors should be accompanied
        // by a similar customization.
        debug.setRoot('build-types/debug')
        release.setRoot('build-types/release')
    }
}

Answer 1

我把它用在"依存关系"中的"androidTestCompile"选项工作,为解释在这里.

我所做的是:

• 用jars创建了一个名为libs-tests的文件夹,该文件夹只能用于测试.
• 添加该文件夹作为"androidTestCompile"测试的依赖项

现在,gradle构建文件代表如下:

apply plugin: 'android'

dependencies {
    compile project(':android-sdk')

    // The libs folder is included in the apk of the real app
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')

    // The tests-libs folder is included only for tests
    androidTestCompile fileTree(dir: 'libs-tests', include: '*.jar')
}


android {
    compileSdkVersion 19
    buildToolsVersion "20.0.0"

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
    }


    sourceSets {
        main {
            manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
            java.srcDirs = ['src']
            resources.srcDirs = ['src']
            aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
            renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
            res.srcDirs = ['res']
            assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
        }

        // Move the tests to tests/java, tests/res, etc...
        androidTest.setRoot('tests')

        // Note - to run the tests from command line:
        // $ gradle clean connectedCheck build
        // (requires gradle 1.10)

        // Move the build types to build-types/<type>
        // For instance, build-types/debug/java, build-types/debug/AndroidManifest.xml, ...
        // This moves them out of them default location under src/<type>/... which would
        // conflict with src/ being used by the main source set.
        // Adding new build types or product flavors should be accompanied
        // by a similar customization.
        debug.setRoot('build-types/debug')
        release.setRoot('build-types/release')
    }
}