如何在ac#winforms程序中添加类似控制台的控制台

Question

我有一个程序来监视调试消息,我已经尝试使用TextBox并将消息附加到它但它不能很好地扩展,并在消息数量变大时减慢速度.然后我尝试了一个ListBox,但在添加新消息时,滚动正在捕捉到顶部.它也不允许像文本框那样剪切和粘贴.

有什么更好的方法来实现类似于winforms窗口中嵌入的元素的控制台.

编辑:我仍然希望能够嵌入像visual studio这样的输出窗口,但由于我无法找到一个简单的方法,我使用的是两个解决方案.除了使用有效的RichTextBox之外,你必须时不时地清除它.我使用的是我用的控制台.这是我写的一个小包装类来处理这个问题.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace Con
{
   class Ext_Console 
   {
      static bool console_on = false;

      public static void Show(bool on,string title)
      {
         console_on = on;
         if (console_on)
         {
            AllocConsole();
            Console.Title = title;
            // use to change color
            Console.BackgroundColor = System.ConsoleColor.White;
            Console.ForegroundColor = System.ConsoleColor.Black;

         }
         else
         {
            FreeConsole();
         }
      }

      public static void Write(string output)
      {
         if (console_on)
         {
            Console.Write(output);
         }
      }

      public static void WriteLine(string output)
      {
         if (console_on)
         {
            Console.WriteLine(output);
         }
      }

      [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
      public static extern Boolean AllocConsole();
      [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
      public static extern Boolean FreeConsole();
   }
}


// example calls
Ext_Console.Write("console output  ");
Ext_Console.WriteLine("console output");
Ext_Console.Show(true,"Title of console");

Answer 1

RichTextBox有一个快速的AppendText方法.它可以很好地处理大文本.
我相信这是你需要的最好的.

Answer 2

我在使用Win32控制台窗口的C#窗口程序(WInforms或WPF)中执行此操作.我有一个包含一些基本Win32 API的小类,瘦我在程序开始时创建一个控制台.这只是一个例子:在"现实生活中"你会使用一个设置或其他东西来只在你需要时启用控制台.

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
using System.Diagnostics;
using MWin32Api;

namespace WFConsole
{
    static class Program
    {
        static private SafeFileHandle ConsoleHandle;

        /// <summary>
        /// Initialize the Win32 console for this process.
        /// </summary>
        static private void InitWin32Console()
        {
            if ( !K32.AllocConsole() ) {
                MessageBox.Show( "Cannot allocate console",
                                 "Error",
                                 MessageBoxButtons.OK,
                                 MessageBoxIcon.Error );
                return;
            }

            IntPtr handle = K32.CreateFile(
                                 "CONOUT$",                                    // name
                                 K32.GENERIC_WRITE | K32.GENERIC_READ,         // desired access
                                 K32.FILE_SHARE_WRITE | K32.FILE_SHARE_READ,   // share access
                                 null,                                         // no security attributes
                                 K32.OPEN_EXISTING,                            // device already exists
                                 0,                                            // no flags or attributes
                                 IntPtr.Zero );                                // no template file.

            ConsoleHandle = new SafeFileHandle( handle, true );

            if ( ConsoleHandle.IsInvalid ) {
                MessageBox.Show( "Cannot create diagnostic console",
                                 "Error",
                                 MessageBoxButtons.OK,
                                 MessageBoxIcon.Error );
                return;
            }

            //
            // Set the console screen buffer and window to a reasonable size
            //  1) set the screen buffer sizse
            //  2) Get the maximum window size (in terms of characters) 
            //  3) set the window to be this size
            //
            const UInt16 conWidth     = 256;
            const UInt16 conHeight    = 5000;

            K32.Coord dwSize = new K32.Coord( conWidth, conHeight );
            if ( !K32.SetConsoleScreenBufferSize( ConsoleHandle.DangerousGetHandle(), dwSize ) ) {
                MessageBox.Show( "Can't get console screen buffer information.",
                                 "Error",
                                 MessageBoxButtons.OK,
                                 MessageBoxIcon.Error );
                return;
            }

            K32.Console_Screen_Buffer_Info SBInfo = new K32.Console_Screen_Buffer_Info();
            if ( !K32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo( ConsoleHandle.DangerousGetHandle(), out SBInfo ) ) {
                MessageBox.Show( "Can't get console screen buffer information.",
                                 "Error",
                                 MessageBoxButtons.OK,
                                 MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation);
                return;
            }

            K32.Small_Rect sr; ;
            sr.Left = 0;
            sr.Top = 0;
            sr.Right = 132 - 1;
            sr.Bottom = 51 - 1;

            if ( !K32.SetConsoleWindowInfo( ConsoleHandle.DangerousGetHandle(), true, ref sr ) ) {
                MessageBox.Show( "Can't set console screen buffer information.",
                                 "Error",
                                 MessageBoxButtons.OK,
                                 MessageBoxIcon.Error );
                return;
            }

            IntPtr conHWND = K32.GetConsoleWindow();

            if ( conHWND == IntPtr.Zero ) {
                MessageBox.Show( "Can't get console window handle.",
                                 "Error",
                                 MessageBoxButtons.OK,
                                 MessageBoxIcon.Error );
                return;
            }

            if ( !U32.SetForegroundWindow( conHWND ) ) {
                MessageBox.Show( "Can't set console window as foreground.",
                                 "Error",
                                 MessageBoxButtons.OK,
                                 MessageBoxIcon.Error );
                return;
            }

            K32.SetConsoleTitle( "Test - Console" );

            Trace.Listeners.Add( new ConsoleTraceListener() );
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The main entry point for the application.
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            InitWin32Console();
            Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault( false );
            Application.Run( new Main() );
        }
    }
}


using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace MWin32Api
{
    #region Kernel32 Functions

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    /// <summary>
    /// Functions in Kernel32.dll
    /// </summary>
    public sealed class K32
    {
        #region Data Structures, Types and Constants
        //----------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Data Structures, Types and Constants
        // 

        [StructLayout( LayoutKind.Sequential )]
        public class SecurityAttributes
        {
            public UInt32  nLength;
            public UIntPtr lpSecurityDescriptor;
            public bool    bInheritHandle;
        }

        [StructLayout( LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1, Size = 4 )]
        public struct Coord
        {
            public Coord( UInt16 tx, UInt16 ty )
            {
                x = tx;
                y = ty;
            }
            public UInt16 x;
            public UInt16 y;
        }

        [StructLayout( LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1, Size = 8 )]
        public struct Small_Rect
        {
            public Int16 Left;
            public Int16 Top;
            public Int16 Right;
            public Int16 Bottom;

            public Small_Rect( short tLeft, short tTop, short tRight, short tBottom )
            {
                Left = tLeft;
                Top = tTop;
                Right = tRight;
                Bottom = tBottom;
            }
        }

        [StructLayout( LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1, Size = 24 )]
        public struct Console_Screen_Buffer_Info
        {
            public Coord      dwSize;
            public Coord      dwCursorPosition;
            public UInt32     wAttributes;
            public Small_Rect srWindow;
            public Coord      dwMaximumWindowSize;
        }


        public const int ZERO_HANDLE_VALUE = 0;
        public const int INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = -1;

        #endregion
        #region Console Functions
        //----------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Console Functions
        // 
        [DllImport( "kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true )]
        public static extern bool AllocConsole();

        [DllImport( "kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true )]
        public static extern bool SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(
            IntPtr hConsoleOutput,
            Coord dwSize );

        [DllImport( "kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true )]
        public static extern bool GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(
            IntPtr hConsoleOutput,
            out Console_Screen_Buffer_Info lpConsoleScreenBufferInfo );

        [DllImport( "kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true )]
        public static extern bool SetConsoleWindowInfo(
            IntPtr hConsoleOutput,
            bool bAbsolute,
            ref Small_Rect lpConsoleWindow );

        [DllImport( "kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true )]
        public static extern IntPtr GetConsoleWindow();

        [DllImport( "kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true )]
        public static extern bool SetConsoleTitle(
            string Filename );

        #endregion
        #region Create File
        //----------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Create File
        // 
        public const UInt32 CREATE_NEW          = 1;
        public const UInt32 CREATE_ALWAYS       = 2;
        public const UInt32 OPEN_EXISTING       = 3;
        public const UInt32 OPEN_ALWAYS         = 4;
        public const UInt32 TRUNCATE_EXISTING   = 5;
        public const UInt32 FILE_SHARE_READ     = 1;
        public const UInt32 FILE_SHARE_WRITE    = 2;
        public const UInt32 GENERIC_WRITE       = 0x40000000;
        public const UInt32 GENERIC_READ        = 0x80000000;

        [DllImport( "kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true )]
        public static extern IntPtr CreateFile(
            string Filename,
            UInt32 DesiredAccess,
            UInt32 ShareMode,
            SecurityAttributes SecAttr,
            UInt32 CreationDisposition,
            UInt32 FlagsAndAttributes,
            IntPtr TemplateFile );

        #endregion
        #region Win32 Miscelaneous
        //----------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Miscelaneous
        // 
        [DllImport( "kernel32.dll" )]
        public static extern bool CloseHandle( UIntPtr handle );

        #endregion

        //----------------------------------------------------------------------
        private K32()
        {
        }
    }
    #endregion

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    /// <summary>
    /// Functions in User32.dll
    /// </summary>
    #region User32 Functions
    public sealed class U32
    {
        [StructLayout( LayoutKind.Sequential )]
        public struct Rect
        {
            public Int32 Left;
            public Int32 Top;
            public Int32 Right;
            public Int32 Bottom;

            public Rect( short tLeft, short tTop, short tRight, short tBottom )
            {
                Left = tLeft;
                Top = tTop;
                Right = tRight;
                Bottom = tBottom;
            }
        }

        [DllImport( "user32.dll" )]
        public static extern bool GetWindowRect(
            IntPtr hWnd,
            [In][MarshalAs( UnmanagedType.LPStruct )]Rect lpRect );

        [DllImport( "user32.dll", SetLastError = true )]
        public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(
            IntPtr hWnd );

        //----------------------------------------------------------------------
        private U32()
        {
        }
    } // U32 class
    #endregion
} // MWin32Api namespace

Answer 3

您不能只是继续将日志项添加到WinForms控件(ListBox或RichTextBox) - 它最终会被阻塞并开始交换到磁盘.

我曾经有过这个确切的错误.我的解决方案是偶尔剪辑显示的消息列表.在伪代码中,这类似于:

void AddLogMessage(String message)
{
    list.Items.Add(message);

    // DO: Append message to file as needed

    // Clip the list
    if (list.count > ListMaxSize)
    {            
        list.Items.RemoveRange(0, list.Count - listMinSize);
    }

    // DO: Focus the last item on the list
}

ListMaxSize应该比ListMinSize大得多,因此剪切不会经常发生.ListMinSize是您通常需要在日志记录列表中查看的最近消息的数量.

这只是伪代码,ListBox项集合上实际上没有RemoveRange(但是List上有).你可以找出确切的代码.