Spring/Junit/JPA的依赖注入

Question

我正在尝试使用Spring 2.5.6和JUnit 4.8.1为我的JPA DAO类创建JUnit测试.

我的测试用例如下:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:config/jpaDaoTestsConfig.xml"} )
public class MenuItem_Junit4_JPATest extends BaseJPATestCase {

    private ApplicationContext context;
    private InputStream dataInputStream;
    private IDataSet dataSet;

    @Resource
    private IMenuItemDao menuItemDao;

    @Test
    public void testFindAll() throws Exception {
        assertEquals(272, menuItemDao.findAll().size());
    }

    ... Other test methods ommitted for brevity ...
}

我在jpaDaoTestsConfig.xml中有以下内容:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

  <!-- uses the persistence unit defined in the META-INF/persistence.xml JPA configuration file -->
  <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="CONOPS_PU" /> 
  </bean>

    <bean id="groupDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.GroupDao" lazy-init="true" />
    <bean id="permissionDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.PermissionDao" lazy-init="true" />
    <bean id="applicationUserDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.ApplicationUserDao" lazy-init="true" />
    <bean id="conopsUserDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.ConopsUserDao" lazy-init="true" />

    <bean id="menuItemDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.MenuItemDao" lazy-init="true" />

 <!-- enables interpretation of the @Required annotation to ensure that dependency injection actually occures -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>  

  <!-- enables interpretation of the @PersistenceUnit/@PersistenceContext annotations providing convenient
       access to EntityManagerFactory/EntityManager -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>

  <!-- transaction manager for use with a single JPA EntityManagerFactory for transactional data access
       to a single datasource -->
  <bean id="jpaTransactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
      <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
  </bean>

  <!-- enables interpretation of the @Transactional annotation for declerative transaction managment
       using the specified JpaTransactionManager -->
  <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="jpaTransactionManager" proxy-target-class="false"/>

</beans>

现在,当我尝试运行它时,我得到以下内容:

SEVERE: Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@fa60fa6] to prepare test instance [null(mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.MenuItem_Junit4_JPATest)]
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.MenuItem_Junit4_JPATest': Injection of resource fields failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Specified field type [interface javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory] is incompatible with resource type [javax.persistence.EntityManager]
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInstantiation(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:292)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:959)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:329)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:110)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:255)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:93)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.invokeTestMethod(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:130)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.runMethods(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:61)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner$1.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:54)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:34)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:52)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:45)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:460)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:673)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:386)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:196)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Specified field type [interface javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory] is incompatible with resource type [javax.persistence.EntityManager]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata$InjectedElement.checkResourceType(InjectionMetadata.java:159)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$PersistenceElement.(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:559)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$1.doWith(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:359)
    at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithFields(ReflectionUtils.java:492)
    at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithFields(ReflectionUtils.java:469)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.findPersistenceMetadata(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:351)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:296)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:745)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:448)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory$1.run(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:409)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:219)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:380)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:264)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:221)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:261)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:185)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:168)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.autowireResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:435)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.getResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:409)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$ResourceElement.getResourceToInject(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:537)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata$InjectedElement.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:180)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.injectFields(InjectionMetadata.java:105)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInstantiation(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:289)
    ... 18 more

它似乎告诉我它试图将EntityManager对象存储到EntityManagerFactory字段中,但我不明白如何或为什么.我的DAO类通过@PersistenceContext属性都接受一个EntityManager的EntityManagerFactory和,和他们的工作发现,如果我加载它们并没有@ContextConfiguration属性(即运行他们,如果我只是用XmlApplcationContext直接安装程序中加载DAO和的EntityManagerFactory ()).

任何见解将不胜感激.

Answer 1

这些是注释+界面的正确组合:

@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;


@PersistenceUnit
private EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;

但是当使用spring的事务和实体管理器支持时,您根本不需要它EntityManagerFactory.

您不需要的原因EntityManagerFactory是因为创建EntityManager事务管理器的责任.以下是简短发生的事情:

• 在您的方法之前触发事务管理器
• 事务管理器获取EntityManagerFactory(它被注入其中),创建一个新的EntityManager,设置在一个ThreadLocal,并启动一个新的事务.
• 然后它委托给服务方法
• 无论何时@PersistenceContext遇到,都会注入一个代理(在你的Dao中),无论何时访问它,都会获得EntityManager已经设置的当前信息ThreadLocal