如何查找PostgreSQL中是否存在函数?

Pav*_* V. 14 postgresql function plpgsql

与表或序列不同,无法通过pg_class找到用户定义的函数.上有问题是如何找到的所有功能的列表中删除授予他们,而是如何找到一个单独的功能(具有已知的名称和参数类型)是不言自明从他们.那么如何找到一个函数是否存在?

编辑:我想以自动方式在函数中使用它.哪种解决方案性能最佳?陷阱错误是非常昂贵的,所以我想对我来说最好的解决方案是没有将错误转换为错误的额外步骤,但我可能在这个假设中错了.

Pav*_*ule 32

是的,您无法找到函数,pg_class因为函数存储在系统表中pg_proc

postgres-# \df
                               List of functions
 Schema |        Name        | Result data type | Argument data types  |  Type  
--------+--------------------+------------------+----------------------+--------
 public | foo                | integer          | a integer, b integer | normal
 public | function_arguments | text             | oid                  | normal
(2 rows)
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基于pg_proc简单查询自定义函数列表

postgres=# select p.oid::regprocedure
              from pg_proc p 
                   join pg_namespace n 
                   on p.pronamespace = n.oid 
             where n.nspname not in ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema');
           oid           
-------------------------
 foo(integer,integer)
 function_arguments(oid)
(2 rows)
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对函数存在的最简单和最快速的测试是将(无参数)转换为regproc或regprocedure(带参数):

postgres=# select 'foo'::regproc;
 regproc 
---------
 foo
(1 row)

postgres=# select 'foox'::regproc;
ERROR:  function "foox" does not exist
LINE 1: select 'foox'::regproc;
               ^
postgres=# select 'foo(int, int)'::regprocedure;
     regprocedure     
----------------------
 foo(integer,integer)
(1 row)

postgres=# select 'foo(int, text)'::regprocedure;
ERROR:  function "foo(int, text)" does not exist
LINE 1: select 'foo(int, text)'::regprocedure;
               ^
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或者你可以做一些类似的测试 pg_proc

postgres=# select exists(select * from pg_proc where proname = 'foo');
 exists 
--------
 t
(1 row)

postgres=# select exists(select * 
                            from pg_proc 
                           where proname = 'foo' 
                             and function_arguments(oid) = 'integer, integer');
 exists 
--------
 t
(1 row)
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哪里:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.function_arguments(oid)
RETURNS text LANGUAGE sql AS $function$
    select string_agg(par, ', ') 
       from (select format_type(unnest(proargtypes), null) par 
                from pg_proc where oid = $1) x
$function$
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或者你可以使用buildin函数:pg_get_function_arguments

用于在系统目录中简单定位的ps技巧.使用psql选项-E:

[pavel@localhost ~]$ psql -E postgres
psql (9.2.8, server 9.5devel)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \df
********* QUERY **********
SELECT n.nspname as "Schema",
  p.proname as "Name",
  pg_catalog.pg_get_function_result(p.oid) as "Result data type",
  pg_catalog.pg_get_function_arguments(p.oid) as "Argument data types",
 CASE
  WHEN p.proisagg THEN 'agg'
  WHEN p.proiswindow THEN 'window'
  WHEN p.prorettype = 'pg_catalog.trigger'::pg_catalog.regtype THEN 'trigger'
  ELSE 'normal'
END as "Type"
FROM pg_catalog.pg_proc p
     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = p.pronamespace
WHERE pg_catalog.pg_function_is_visible(p.oid)
      AND n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'
      AND n.nspname <> 'information_schema'
ORDER BY 1, 2, 4;
**************************

                               List of functions
 Schema |        Name        | Result data type | Argument data types  |  Type  
--------+--------------------+------------------+----------------------+--------
 public | foo                | integer          | a integer, b integer | normal
 public | function_arguments | text             | oid                  | normal
(2 rows)
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a_h*_*ame 11

我认为最简单的方法是使用pg_get_functiondef().

如果它返回一些东西,则该函数存在,否则该函数不存在:

select pg_get_functiondef('some_function()'::regprocedure);
select pg_get_functiondef('some_function(integer)'::regprocedure);
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缺点是如果函数不存在,它会产生错误,而不是简单地返回一个空结果。但这可以通过编写一个 PL/pgSQL 函数来捕获异常并返回 false 来克服。