Csh*_*hah 286 java testing annotations junit4 assertion
我已经用@Test注释编写了一些JUnit测试.如果我的测试方法抛出一个已检查的异常,并且我想要将该消息与异常一起断言,那么有没有办法使用JUnit @Test注释?AFAIK,JUnit 4.7不提供此功能,但未来的版本是否提供此功能?我知道在.NET中你可以断言消息和异常类.寻找Java世界中的类似功能.
这就是我要的:
@Test (expected = RuntimeException.class, message = "Employee ID is null")
public void shouldThrowRuntimeExceptionWhenEmployeeIDisNull() {}
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Jes*_*man 511
您可以使用@Rule注释ExpectedException,如下所示:
@Rule
public ExpectedException expectedEx = ExpectedException.none();
@Test
public void shouldThrowRuntimeExceptionWhenEmployeeIDisNull() throws Exception {
expectedEx.expect(RuntimeException.class);
expectedEx.expectMessage("Employee ID is null");
// do something that should throw the exception...
System.out.println("=======Starting Exception process=======");
throw new NullPointerException("Employee ID is null");
}
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请注意,ExpectedException文档中的示例(当前)是错误的 - 没有公共构造函数,因此您必须使用ExpectedException.none().
Ray*_*orm 36
我喜欢这个@Rule答案.但是,如果由于某种原因您不想使用规则.还有第三种选择.
@Test (expected = RuntimeException.class)
public void myTestMethod()
{
try
{
//Run exception throwing operation here
}
catch(RuntimeException re)
{
String message = "Employee ID is null";
assertEquals(message, re.getMessage());
throw re;
}
fail("Employee Id Null exception did not throw!");
}
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c_m*_*ker 28
你必须使用@Test(expected=SomeException.class)?当我们必须断言异常的实际消息时,这就是我们所做的.
@Test
public void myTestMethod()
{
try
{
final Integer employeeId = null;
new Employee(employeeId);
fail("Should have thrown SomeException but did not!");
}
catch( final SomeException e )
{
final String msg = "Employee ID is null";
assertEquals(msg, e.getMessage());
}
}
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Joh*_*erg 17
在JUnit 4.13(一旦发布),您可以:
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
...
@Test
void exceptionTesting() {
IllegalArgumentException exception = assertThrows(
IllegalArgumentException.class,
() -> { throw new IllegalArgumentException("a message"); }
);
assertEquals("a message", exception.getMessage());
}
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这也适用于JUnit 5但具有不同的导入:
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
...
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实际上,最好的用法是使用try/catch.为什么?因为您可以控制您期望异常的位置.
考虑这个例子:
@Test (expected = RuntimeException.class)
public void someTest() {
// test preparation
// actual test
}
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如果有一天代码被修改并且测试准备将抛出RuntimeException怎么办?在那种情况下,实际测试甚至没有经过测试,即使它没有抛出任何异常,测试也会通过.
这就是为什么使用try/catch比依赖注释要好得多.
Raystorm有一个很好的答案.我也不是规则的忠实粉丝.我做了类似的事情,除了我创建以下实用程序类以帮助可读性和可用性,这是首先注释的一大优点.
添加此实用程序类:
import org.junit.Assert;
public abstract class ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter {
private String expectedExceptionMessage;
public ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter(String expectedExceptionMessage) {
this.expectedExceptionMessage = expectedExceptionMessage;
}
public final void run(){
try{
expectException();
Assert.fail(String.format("Expected a RuntimeException '%s'", expectedExceptionMessage));
} catch (RuntimeException e){
Assert.assertEquals("RuntimeException caught, but unexpected message", expectedExceptionMessage, e.getMessage());
}
}
protected abstract void expectException();
}
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然后对于我的单元测试,我需要的只是这段代码:
@Test
public void verifyAnonymousUserCantAccessPrivilegedResourceTest(){
new ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter("anonymous user can't access privileged resource"){
@Override
protected void expectException() {
throw new RuntimeException("anonymous user can't access privileged resource");
}
}.run(); //passes test; expected exception is caught, and this @Test returns normally as "Passed"
}
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假设我们的doStuff类中有一个方法FooService。当参数中传递null标志时,此方法可能会引发 NullPointerException 。
public class FooService {
public void doStuff(Boolean flag) {
try{
if(flag){
// do stuff
}
}catch (Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected error occurred", e);
}
}
}
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Junit 5assertThrows返回异常,可用于断言异常消息,如下例所示:-
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
@Test
public void doStuff_testThrownException(){
// null is passed, expected NullPointerException
Throwable exception = assertThrows(RuntimeException.class, () -> fooService.doStuff(null));
assertEquals("Unexpected error occurred", exception.getMessage());
}
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AssertJ 有各种断言来测试异常,其中之一是assertThatRuntimeException可以链接来withMessage测试异常消息
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
@Test
public void doStuff_testThrownException(){
// null is passed, expected NullPointerException
assertThatRuntimeException().isThrownBy(() -> fooService.doStuff(null))
.withMessage("Unexpected error occurred");
}
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小智 5
我从不喜欢用 Junit 声明异常的方式。如果我在注释中使用“预期”,从我的角度来看,我们似乎违反了“给定,何时,然后”模式,因为“然后”位于测试定义的顶部。
此外,如果我们使用“@Rule”,我们必须处理如此多的样板代码。因此,如果您可以为测试安装新库,我建议您查看 AssertJ(该库现在随 SpringBoot 提供)
然后是一个不违反“given/when/then”原则的测试,它是使用 AssertJ 来验证的:
1 - 例外是我们所期望的。2 - 它还有一个预期的消息
看起来像这样:
@Test
void should_throwIllegalUse_when_idNotGiven() {
//when
final Throwable raisedException = catchThrowable(() -> getUserDAO.byId(null));
//then
assertThat(raisedException).isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class)
.hasMessageContaining("Id to fetch is mandatory");
}
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