WebAPI 2.1中的Ninject错误 - 确保控制器具有无参数的公共构造函数

Question

我在WebAPI项目中安装了以下软件包及其依赖项:

Ninject.Web.WebApi Ninject.Web.WebApi.OwinHost

我这纯粹是作为web-api项目运行的.没有MVC.

当我运行我的应用程序并发POST送到AccountController的Register操作时,我得到以下错误:

{
"message":"An error has occurred.",
"exceptionMessage":"An error occurred when trying to create a controller of type 'AccountController'. Make sure that the controller has a parameterless public constructor.",
"exceptionType":"System.InvalidOperationException",
"stackTrace":"   at System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.DefaultHttpControllerActivator.Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType)\r\n   at System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpControllerDescriptor.CreateController(HttpRequestMessage request)\r\n   at System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpControllerDispatcher.SendAsyncCore(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)\r\n   at System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpControllerDispatcher.<SendAsync>d__0.MoveNext()",
"innerException":{
"message":"An error has occurred.",
"exceptionMessage":"Type 'RPT.Api.Controllers.AccountController' does not have a default constructor",
"exceptionType":"System.ArgumentException",
"stackTrace":"   at System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.New(Type type)\r\n   at System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.DefaultHttpControllerActivator.GetInstanceOrActivator(HttpRequestMessage request, Type controllerType, Func`1& activator)\r\n   at System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.DefaultHttpControllerActivator.Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType)"
}
}

任何人都可以帮助我,因为我可以在Google上找到的唯一细节似乎是从2012年开始.

注意:我也尝试过AutoFac而不是Ninject并在那里也遇到同样的错误.最令人沮丧的.

这是我的NinjectWebCommon.cs:

using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;
using RPT.Data;
using RPT.Services;
using RPT.Services.Interfaces;

[assembly: WebActivatorEx.PreApplicationStartMethod(typeof(RPT.Api.NinjectWebCommon), "Start")]
[assembly: WebActivatorEx.ApplicationShutdownMethodAttribute(typeof(RPT.Api.NinjectWebCommon), "Stop")]

namespace RPT.Api
{
    using System;
    using System.Web;

    using Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure.DynamicModuleHelper;

    using Ninject;
    using Ninject.Web.Common;

    public static class NinjectWebCommon
    {
        private static readonly Bootstrapper bootstrapper = new Bootstrapper();

        /// <summary>
        /// Starts the application
        /// </summary>
        public static void Start()
        {
            DynamicModuleUtility.RegisterModule(typeof(OnePerRequestHttpModule));
            DynamicModuleUtility.RegisterModule(typeof(NinjectHttpModule));
            bootstrapper.Initialize(CreateKernel);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Stops the application.
        /// </summary>
        public static void Stop()
        {
            bootstrapper.ShutDown();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates the kernel that will manage your application.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The created kernel.</returns>
        private static IKernel CreateKernel()
        {
            var kernel = new StandardKernel();
            try
            {
                kernel.Bind<Func<IKernel>>().ToMethod(ctx => () => new Bootstrapper().Kernel);
                kernel.Bind<IHttpModule>().To<HttpApplicationInitializationHttpModule>();

                RegisterServices(kernel);


                return kernel;
            }
            catch
            {
                kernel.Dispose();
                throw;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Load your modules or register your services here!
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="kernel">The kernel.</param>
        private static void RegisterServices(IKernel kernel)
        {
            kernel.Bind<RptContext>().ToSelf();

            kernel.Bind<IUserStore<IdentityUser>>().To<UserStore<IdentityUser>>();
            kernel.Bind<UserManager<IdentityUser>>().ToSelf();

            kernel.Bind<IAccountService>().To<AccountService>();
        }
    }
}

这是我的AccountController:

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.ModelBinding;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;
using RPT.Api.Models;
using RPT.Services.Interfaces;

namespace RPT.Api.Controllers
{
    [RoutePrefix("api/account")]
    public class AccountController : ApiController
    {
        #region Initialisation

        private readonly IAccountService _accountService;

        public AccountController(IAccountService accountService) : base()
        {
            _accountService = accountService;
        }

        #endregion

        #region Actions

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [Route("register")]
        public async Task<IHttpActionResult> Register(UserRegistrationViewModel model)
        {
            if (!ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                return BadRequest(ModelState);
            }

            var result = await _accountService.RegisterUser(model.UserName, model.Password);

            var errorResult = GetErrorResult(result);

            return errorResult ?? Ok();
        }

        #endregion

        #region Internal

        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing)
            {
                _accountService.Dispose();
            }

            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }
        private IHttpActionResult GetErrorResult(IdentityResult result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                return InternalServerError();
            }

            if (result.Succeeded) return null;
            if (result.Errors != null)
            {
                foreach (var error in result.Errors)
                {
                    ModelState.AddModelError("", error);
                }
            }

            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                // No ModelState errors are available to send, so just return an empty BadRequest.
                return BadRequest();
            }

            return BadRequest(ModelState);
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

Answer 1

你修改OWIN Startup类调用app.UseNinjectWebApi和app.UseNinjectMiddleware而不是调用app.UseWebApi？

Ninject Web API示例中的Startup.cs执行此操作...

Answer 2

在我的情况下,原因是解析器无法找到映射.假设HomeController依赖于IDumb,解析器无法使用实现IDumb找到Dumb的具体实现.换句话说,错误消息

**No parameterless constructor defined for this object
An error occurred when trying to create a controller of type 'ToDoListT1.WebApp.Controllers.HomeController'. Make sure that the controller has a parameterless public constructor**

完全是误导.在我的情况下,我刚刚通过添加对Dumb类的项目的引用来解决.它应该是"没有找到IDumb的映射.".我不确定问题出在NInject或MS上.什么花了我几个小时来找到这个.

Answer 3

对我有用的是添加 NuGet 包，Ninject.Web.WebApi.WebHost如下所述： https: //github.com/ninject/Ninject.Web.WebApi/wiki/Setting-up-an-mvc-webapi-application