Matplotlib subplots_adjust hspace所以标题和xlabels不重叠？

Question

比方说,matplotlib xlabels中有3行子图,其中一行可以与下一行的标题重叠.一个人必须摆弄pl.subplots_adjust(hspace),这很烦人.

是否有一个配方hspace可以防止重叠并适用于任何nrow？

""" matplotlib xlabels overlap titles ? """
import sys
import numpy as np
import pylab as pl

nrow = 3
hspace = .4  # of plot height, titles and xlabels both fall within this ??
exec "\n".join( sys.argv[1:] )  # nrow= ...

y = np.arange(10)
pl.subplots_adjust( hspace=hspace )

for jrow in range( 1, nrow+1 ):
    pl.subplot( nrow, 1, jrow )
    pl.plot( y**jrow )
    pl.title( 5 * ("title %d " % jrow) )
    pl.xlabel( 5 * ("xlabel %d " % jrow) )

pl.show()

我的版本:

• matplotlib 0.99.1.1,
• Python 2.6.4,
• Mac OSX 10.4.11,
• backend:Qt4Agg (TkAgg=> Tkinter回调中的异常)

(对于许多额外的点,任何人都可以概述matplotlib的打包器/垫片如何工作,沿着Tcl/Tk书中第17章"打包者"的路线？)

Answer 1

您可以使用plt.subplots_adjust来更改子图Link之间的间距

subplots_adjust(left=None, bottom=None, right=None, top=None, wspace=None, hspace=None)

left  = 0.125  # the left side of the subplots of the figure
right = 0.9    # the right side of the subplots of the figure
bottom = 0.1   # the bottom of the subplots of the figure
top = 0.9      # the top of the subplots of the figure
wspace = 0.2   # the amount of width reserved for blank space between subplots
hspace = 0.2   # the amount of height reserved for white space between subplots

Answer 2

Jose发布的链接已经更新,pylab现在有一个tight_layout()自动执行此功能的功能(在matplotlib版本1.1.0中).

http://matplotlib.org/api/pyplot_api.html#matplotlib.pyplot.tight_layout

http://matplotlib.org/users/tight_layout_guide.html#plotting-guide-tight-layout

Answer 3

我觉得这很棘手,但在MatPlotLib常见问题解答中有一些信息.它相当麻烦,需要了解单个元素(ticklabels)占用的空间......

更新: 页面声明该tight_layout()功能是最简单的方法,它试图自动纠正间距.

否则,它会显示获取各种元素(例如标签)大小的方法,以便您可以更正轴元素的间距/位置.以下是上述FAQ页面中的示例,该页面确定了非常宽的y轴标签的宽度,并相应地调整轴宽度:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.transforms as mtransforms
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(range(10))
ax.set_yticks((2,5,7))
labels = ax.set_yticklabels(('really, really, really', 'long', 'labels'))

def on_draw(event):
   bboxes = []
   for label in labels:
       bbox = label.get_window_extent()
       # the figure transform goes from relative coords->pixels and we
       # want the inverse of that
       bboxi = bbox.inverse_transformed(fig.transFigure)
       bboxes.append(bboxi)

   # this is the bbox that bounds all the bboxes, again in relative
   # figure coords
   bbox = mtransforms.Bbox.union(bboxes)
   if fig.subplotpars.left < bbox.width:
       # we need to move it over
       fig.subplots_adjust(left=1.1*bbox.width) # pad a little
       fig.canvas.draw()
   return False

fig.canvas.mpl_connect('draw_event', on_draw)

plt.show()