没有root的Python XML解析

Question

我想解析一个相当庞大的xml类文件,它没有任何根元素.该文件的格式为:

<tag1>
<tag2>
</tag2>
</tag1>

<tag1>
<tag3/>
</tag1>

我尝试使用Element-Tree但它返回了"no root"错误.有没有其他python库可以用来解析这个文件？提前致谢!:)

PS:我尝试添加一个额外的标签来包装整个文件,然后使用Element-Tree解析它.但是,我想使用一些更有效的方法,其中我不需要改变原始的xml文件.

Answer 1

ElementTree.fromstringlist 接受一个iterable(产生字符串).

使用它itertools.chain:

import itertools
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
# import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET

with open('xml-like-file.xml') as f:
    it = itertools.chain('<root>', f, '</root>')
    root = ET.fromstringlist(it)

# Do something with `root`
root.find('.//tag3')

Answer 2

lxml.html可以解析片段:

from lxml import html
s = """<tag1>
 <tag2>
 </tag2>
</tag1>

<tag1>
 <tag3/>
</tag1>"""
doc = html.fromstring(s)
for thing in doc:
    print thing
    for other in thing:
        print other
"""
>>> 
<Element tag1 at 0x3411a80>
<Element tag2 at 0x3428990>
<Element tag1 at 0x3428930>
<Element tag3 at 0x3411a80>
>>>
"""

礼貌这个答案

如果有多个嵌套级别:

def flatten(nested):
    """recusively flatten nested elements

    yields individual elements
    """
    for thing in nested:
        yield thing
        for other in flatten(thing):
            yield other
doc = html.fromstring(s)
for thing in flatten(doc):
    print thing

同样,lxml.etree.HTML将解析这个.它添加了html和body标签:

d = etree.HTML(s)
for thing in d.iter():
    print thing

""" 
<Element html at 0x3233198>
<Element body at 0x322fcb0>
<Element tag1 at 0x3233260>
<Element tag2 at 0x32332b0>
<Element tag1 at 0x322fcb0>
<Element tag3 at 0x3233148>
"""

Answer 3

如何而不是编辑文件做这样的事情

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

with file("xml-file.xml") as f:
    xml_object = ET.fromstringlist(["<root>", f.read(), "</root>"])