如果您的输入已经在(bash
)shell变量中,请说$varWithNewlines
:
echo "${varWithNewlines//$'\n'/\n}"
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只需使用bash
参数扩展就可以$'\n'
用文字替换所有newline()实例'\n'
.
如果您的输入来自文件,请使用awk
:
awk -v ORS='\\n' 1
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在行动中,通过示例输入:
# Sample input with actual newlines created with ANSI C quoting ($'...'),
# which turns `\n` literals into actual newlines.
varWithNewlines=$'line 1\nline 2\nline 3'
# Translate newlines to '\n' literals.
# Note the use of `printf %s` to avoid adding an additional newline.
# By contrast, a here-string - <<<"$varWithNewlines" _always appends a newline_.
printf %s "$varWithNewlines" | awk -v ORS='\\n' 1
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awk
逐行读取输入ORS
- 输出记录分隔符到文字'\n'
(使用附加进行转义\
以便awk
不将其解释为转义序列),输入行与该分隔符一起输出1
只是简写{print}
,即所有输入行都打印,终止ORS
.注:输出将始终在字面结束 '\n'
,即使你输入不换行结束.
这是因为awk
终止每个输出行ORS
,无论输入行是否以换行符(指定的分隔符FS
)结束.
以下是如何无条件地'\n'
从输出中删除终止文字.
# Translate newlines to '\n' literals and capture in variable.
varEncoded=$(printf %s "$varWithNewlines" | awk -v ORS='\\n' 1)
# Strip terminating '\n' literal from the variable value
# using bash parameter expansion.
echo "${varEncoded%\\n}"
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相比之下,如果您希望根据输入是否以换行结束来存在终止文字,则需'\n'
要做更多的工作.
# Translate newlines to '\n' literals and capture in variable.
varEncoded=$(printf %s "$varWithNewlines" | awk -v ORS='\\n' 1)
# If the input does not end with a newline, strip the terminating '\n' literal.
if [[ $varWithNewlines != *$'\n' ]]; then
# Strip terminating '\n' literal from the variable value
# using bash parameter expansion.
echo "${varEncoded%\\n}"
else
echo "$varEncoded"
fi
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