下面有这个输出.
Hello World!
main.ConstructedDerivedClass:6.0
main.ConstructedDerivedClass:6.0
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public class ConstructedDerivedClass extends ConstructedBase {
private static final double version = 6.0;
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World!");
ConstructedDerivedClass derivedClass = new ConstructedDerivedClass();
}
public ConstructedDerivedClass() {
showMyAttributes();
}
@Override
protected void showMyAttributes() {
System.out.println(this.getClass().getName() + ":" + version);
}
}
public class ConstructedBase {
private static final double version = 15.0;
public ConstructedBase() {
showMyAttributes();
}
protected void showMyAttributes() {
System.out.println(this.getClass().getName() + ":" + version);
}
}
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我希望它只显示一行,即子类的类(ConstructedDerivedClass).但它反而打印两次.我知道一般你应该避免从构造函数中调用overriden方法,但我想亲眼看看它是如何工作的.
实际上,我知道为什么版本在两行上都是'6.0' - 因为字段被声明为静态,当然静态字段首先被初始化.但仍然不明白为什么两行.
任何指导将不胜感激.
这是因为你写的时候
public ConstructedDerivedClass() {
showMyAttributes();
}
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编译器实际上在字节代码中调用超级默认构造函数,因此它等效于
public ConstructedDerivedClass() {
super();
showMyAttributes();
}
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实例化对象时,它会implicit, no-args在运行自己的构造函数之前对其父类进行超级构造函数调用.
你可以想象在你的构造函数中总是存在这一行:
public MyClass() {
super(); //If this line is not here, it is implicit.
//rest of the code
}
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您可以通过提供自己的explicit, any-args超级构造函数调用来覆盖它,但它必须是方法的第一行.
public MyClass() {
super(1, "Hello Word", null); //written explicitly, no other super-constructor code will run
//rest of the code
}
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当超类没有定义no-args构造函数时,这可能很有用.