nh2*_*nh2 15 performance haskell ghc
为了比较性能与GHC bug中缓慢的列表, 我试图尽可能快地得到以下循环:
{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}
module Main (main) where
import Control.Monad
import Data.Word
main :: IO ()
main = do
loop (maxBound :: Word32) $ \i -> do
when (i `rem` 100000000 == 0) $
print (fromIntegral i / fromIntegral (maxBound :: Word32))
loop :: Word32 -> (Word32 -> IO ()) -> IO ()
loop n f = go 0
where
go !i | i == n = return ()
go !i = f i >> go (i + 1)
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用ghc -O loop.hs.编译.
但是,在我的计算机上运行它需要50秒 - 比同等的C程序慢10倍:
#include "limits.h"
#include "stdint.h"
#include "stdio.h"
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < UINT_MAX; ++i)
{
if (i % 100000000 == 0) printf("%f\n", (float) i / (float) UINT_MAX );
}
return 0;
}
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用gcc -O2 -std=c99 -o testc test.c.编译.
使用新发布的GHC 7.8或使用-O2没有改善性能.
但是,使用-fllvm标志进行编译(在任何一个ghc版本上)都提高了10倍的速度,使性能与C相提并论.
问题:
loop?-fllvm,或者这已经是最快的IO循环超过Word32一个可以实现?And*_*ács 12
我们来检查一下装配.我稍微修改了主函数,使输出变得更清晰(但性能保持不变).我使用GHC 7.8.2和-O2.
main :: IO ()
main = do
loop (maxBound :: Word32) $ \i -> do
when (i `rem` 100000000 == 0) $
putStrLn "foo"
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有很多混乱,所以我尝试只包括有趣的部分:
Main_zdwa_info:
.Lc3JD: /* check if there's enough space for stack growth */
leaq -16(%rbp),%rax
cmpq %r15,%rax
jb .Lc3JO /* this jumps to some GC code that grows the stack, then
reenters the main closure */
.Lc3JP:
movl $4294967295,%eax /* issue: loading the bound on every iteration */
cmpq %rax,%r14
jne .Lc3JB
.Lc3JC:
/* Return from main. Code omitted */
.Lc3JB: /* test the index for modulus */
movl $100000000,%eax /* issue: unnecessary moves */
movq %rax,%rbx
movq %r14,%rax
xorq %rdx,%rdx
divq %rbx /* issue: doing the division (llvm and gcc avoid this) */
testq %rdx,%rdx
jne .Lc3JU
.Lc3JV:
/* do the printing. Code omitted. */
.Lc3JN:
/* increment index and (I guess) restore registers messed up by the printing */
movq 8(%rbp),%rax
incq %rax
movl %eax,%r14d
addq $16,%rbp
jmp Main_zdwa_info
.Lc3JU:
leaq 1(%r14),%rax /*issue: why not just increment r14? */
movl %eax,%r14d
jmp Main_zdwa_info
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Main_zdwa_info:
/* code omitted: the same stack-checking stuff as in native */
.LBB1_1:
movl $4294967295, %esi /* load the bound */
movabsq $-6067343680855748867, %rdi /*load a magic number for the modulus */
jmp .LBB1_2
.LBB1_4:
incl %ecx
.LBB1_2:
cmpq %rsi, %rcx
je .LBB1_6 /* check bound */
/* do the modulus with two multiplications, a shift and a magic number */
/* note : gcc does the same reduction */
movq %rcx, %rax
mulq %rdi
shrq $26, %rdx
imulq $100000000, %rdx, %rax
cmpq %rax, %rcx
jne .LBB1_4
/* Code omitted: print, then return to loop beginning */
.LBB1_6:
/* Code omitted: return from main */
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两个程序集中都不存在IO开销.零字节RealWorld状态令牌显然不存在.
与LLVM相比,本地codegen没有做太多的强度降低,LLVM很容易将模数转换为乘法,移位和幻数.
Native codegen在每次迭代时重做堆栈空间检查,而LLVM则不会.然而,它似乎并不是一个重要的开销.
本地codegen在循环和寄存器分配方面非常糟糕.它会在寄存器周围进行混洗,并在每次迭代时加载绑定.LLVM在整洁中发出与手写代码相当的代码.
至于你的问题:
有没有办法改善我的循环,以便它也很快没有-fllvm,或者这>已经是Word32上可以实现的最快的IO循环?
我认为,你可以做的最好的是减少手动强度,尽管我个人认为这个选项是不可接受的.但是,在执行此操作后,您的代码仍然会显着变慢.我还运行了以下简单的循环,它使用LLVM的速度是本机的两倍:
import Data.Word
main = go 0 where
go :: Word32 -> IO ()
go i | i == maxBound = return ()
go i = go (i + 1)
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罪魁祸首再次是不必要的寄存器重排和绑定加载.除了切换到LLVM之外,没有任何方法可以解决这些低级问题.