使用C++检索Windows中的CPU负载百分比

Question

我一直在研究这个工具,以快速记录一些系统统计信息,如内存信息和CPU负载百分比(如任务管理器中显示的那样).我似乎有内存和日志记录部分,但计算CPU百分比非常困难:(我已经找到了很多关于检查CPU信息的方法的信息,但在摘要之外几乎没有任何代码示例我发现编译,或者评论很好,所以我很难找到一种方法来实现这一点.我已经阅读了很多关于获取CPU时序的stackoverflow问题,但我还没有能够把碎片放在一起.

也许我错过了这一点,但似乎一种流行的方式来解决这个问题是通过查询CPU两次,每次检查之间至少200ms,以帮助避免出现问题......解决问题？是的!我怎么做到这一点？:(我在语法上挑战D:

我将分享我的源代码,以便您可以看到到目前为止我到底做了什么.这只是一个.cpp,我正在使用VS2013 Express for C++,而且它仅适用于多核CPU的Windows.

提前警告:我很抱歉代码中的所有注释:x此外,如果您复制此代码并运行它,它将生成一个名为log.CSV的.CSV文件

//included libraries/functionality for input/output
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;

//creates a static variable to convert Bytes to Megabytes
#define MB 1048576


//main program code loop
int main()
{
    //Code block intiialization for the memory referenced in the Kernell
    MEMORYSTATUSEX memStat;
    memStat.dwLength = sizeof (memStat);
    GlobalMemoryStatusEx(&memStat);


    //loads the SYSTEMTIME
    SYSTEMTIME sysTime;
    //Retrieves data so that we have a way to Get it to output when using the pointers
    GetSystemTime(&sysTime);


    //setting the I/O for our log file to be "myfile"
    ofstream myfile;
    // ios::out means that we're outputting data to the file
    // ios::app means that all the data we're outputting goes to the end of that log file instead of the start
    myfile.open("log.csv", ios::out | ios::app);


    //a while loop that gathers and logs data every quarter of a second to gather 4 data points in one second
    int counter = 0;
    while (counter < 4)
    {
        //Timestamp + Memory Info, and eventually CPU Load percentage
        myfile << sysTime.wHour << ":" << sysTime.wMinute << ":" << sysTime.wMilliseconds << ", " << memStat.dwMemoryLoad << "%, " << memStat.ullTotalPhys / MB << ", " << memStat.ullAvailPhys / MB << ", " << memStat.ullTotalPageFile / MB << ", " << memStat.ullAvailPageFile / MB << ", " << memStat.ullTotalVirtual / MB << ", " << memStat.ullAvailVirtual / MB << ", " << memStat.ullAvailExtendedVirtual / MB << "\n";
        //250 millisecond sleep delay 
        Sleep(250);
        counter = counter + 1;
    }
        //close the log file before terminating the program
        myfile.close();

    return 0; //standard main() end of program terminator
}

编辑#2:

我碰到了这个

BOOL WINAPI GetSystemTimes(_Out_opt_  LPFILETIME lpIdleTime,_Out_opt_  LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,_Out_opt_  LPFILETIME lpUserTime);

看起来它正在得到我需要的东西,但我不知道如何实际使用它甚至进行单元测试,我更喜欢把它扔到我的Source.cpp的其余部分之前

我完全迷失了.我在过去几个小时里尝试了各种各样的东西,但我甚至无法进行简单的单元测试编译.

我觉得这条评论让我走在正确的道路上,但我实际上并不知道如何处理它:如何计算CPU使用率？

编辑#3:

我正在为Jeremy Friesner的代码展示单元测试,以及我正在处理的已完成的日志记录工具.

测试以监控CPU负载

#include <Windows.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

static float CalculateCPULoad();
static unsigned long long FileTimeToInt64();
float GetCPULoad();


int main()
{   
    int _c = 0;

    while (_c == 0)
    {
        cout << GetCPULoad() * 100 << "\n";
        Sleep(1000);
    }

    return 0;
}


static float CalculateCPULoad(unsigned long long idleTicks, unsigned long long totalTicks)
{
    static unsigned long long _previousTotalTicks = 0;
    static unsigned long long _previousIdleTicks = 0;

    unsigned long long totalTicksSinceLastTime = totalTicks - _previousTotalTicks;
    unsigned long long idleTicksSinceLastTime = idleTicks - _previousIdleTicks;


    float ret = 1.0f - ((totalTicksSinceLastTime > 0) ? ((float)idleTicksSinceLastTime) / totalTicksSinceLastTime : 0);

    _previousTotalTicks = totalTicks;
    _previousIdleTicks = idleTicks;
    return ret;
}

static unsigned long long FileTimeToInt64(const FILETIME & ft)
{
    return (((unsigned long long)(ft.dwHighDateTime)) << 32) | ((unsigned long long)ft.dwLowDateTime);
}

// Returns 1.0f for "CPU fully pinned", 0.0f for "CPU idle", or somewhere in between
// You'll need to call this at regular intervals, since it measures the load between
// the previous call and the current one.  Returns -1.0 on error.
float GetCPULoad()
{
    FILETIME idleTime, kernelTime, userTime;
    return GetSystemTimes(&idleTime, &kernelTime, &userTime) ? CalculateCPULoad(FileTimeToInt64(idleTime), FileTimeToInt64(kernelTime) + FileTimeToInt64(userTime)) : -1.0f;
}

完成工具(全部进入Source.cpp,然后编译并运行):

/*
Resource Links:
Calling memory info in c++:                             http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa366589%28VS.85%29.aspx
I/O file handling in c++:                               http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/files/
Date and Time in c++:                                   http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_date_time.htm
CPU Load Percent (Credit to Jeremy Friesner):           https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23143693/retrieving-cpu-load-percent-total-in-windows-with-c
Everything else (too many to list):                     https://stackoverflow.com/
*/


/*
Performance Snapshot Tool

Grabs CPU load percent and basic Memory info from the system,
and or the Windows Task manager

Designed to work with specifically Windows 7 and beyond

Ideology: Create a small executable program to retrieve and
write to a log file a data sample from system performance
in a single snapshot -- robust enough to be called multiple
times per boot

The compiled .exe will be called by another program to run at
an exact, specified time relative to the program that is
calling it

Does 5 checks per second, every 200 milliseconds for a "Snapshot"
of performance

Initial Code Author:    Anonymous
Current Author: Anonymous
Revision:           0.01
Date:               18/4/2014
*/


//included libraries/functionality for input/output
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;

//creates a static variable to convert Bytes to Megabytes
#define MB 1048576

//functions to calculate and retrieve CPU Load information
static float CalculateCPULoad();
static unsigned long long FileTimeToInt64();
float GetCPULoad();


//main program code loop
int main()
{
    //Code block initialization for the memory referenced in the Kernel
    MEMORYSTATUSEX memStat;
    memStat.dwLength = sizeof (memStat);
    GlobalMemoryStatusEx(&memStat);


    //loads the SYSTEMTIME
    SYSTEMTIME sysTime;
    //Retrieves data so that we have a way to Get it to output when using the pointers
    GetSystemTime(&sysTime);


    //setting the I/O for our log file to be "myfile"
    ofstream myfile;
    // ios::out means that we're outputting data to the file
    // ios::app means that all the data we're outputting goes to the end of that log file instead of the start
    myfile.open("log.csv", ios::out | ios::app);


    //a while loop that gathers and logs data every quarter of a second to gather 4 data points in one second
    int counter = 0;
    while (counter < 5)
    {
        //Timestamp + Memory Info, and eventually CPU Load percentage
        myfile << sysTime.wHour << "." << sysTime.wMinute << "." << sysTime.wSecond << ", " << GetCPULoad() * 100 << "%, " << memStat.dwMemoryLoad << "%, " << memStat.ullTotalPhys / MB << ", " << memStat.ullAvailPhys / MB << ", " << memStat.ullTotalPageFile / MB << ", " << memStat.ullAvailPageFile / MB << ", " << memStat.ullTotalVirtual / MB << ", " << memStat.ullAvailVirtual / MB << ", " << memStat.ullAvailExtendedVirtual / MB << "\n";
        //250 millisecond sleep delay 
        Sleep(200);
        counter = counter + 1;
    }
        //close the log file before terminating the program
        myfile.close();

    return 0; //standard main() end of program terminator
}

static float CalculateCPULoad(unsigned long long idleTicks, unsigned long long totalTicks)
{
    static unsigned long long _previousTotalTicks = 0;
    static unsigned long long _previousIdleTicks = 0;

    unsigned long long totalTicksSinceLastTime = totalTicks - _previousTotalTicks;
    unsigned long long idleTicksSinceLastTime = idleTicks - _previousIdleTicks;


    float ret = 1.0f - ((totalTicksSinceLastTime > 0) ? ((float)idleTicksSinceLastTime) / totalTicksSinceLastTime : 0);

    _previousTotalTicks = totalTicks;
    _previousIdleTicks = idleTicks;
    return ret;
}

static unsigned long long FileTimeToInt64(const FILETIME & ft)
{
    return (((unsigned long long)(ft.dwHighDateTime)) << 32) | ((unsigned long long)ft.dwLowDateTime);
}

// Returns 1.0f for "CPU fully pinned", 0.0f for "CPU idle", or somewhere in between
// You'll need to call this at regular intervals, since it measures the load between
// the previous call and the current one.  Returns -1.0 on error.
float GetCPULoad()
{
    FILETIME idleTime, kernelTime, userTime;
    return GetSystemTimes(&idleTime, &kernelTime, &userTime) ? CalculateCPULoad(FileTimeToInt64(idleTime), FileTimeToInt64(kernelTime) + FileTimeToInt64(userTime)) : -1.0f;
}

Answer 1

计算负载百分比随着时间的推移而流行的原因是因为CPU实际上没有可变速度 - 在任何给定的瞬间,CPU核心要么以其额定时钟速率处理指令,要么处于空闲状态,因此瞬时测量只会给你0%或100%(*),这不是你想要的.因此,为了计算有意义的负载百分比,您必须检查CPU 在特定时间间隔内空闲的时间百分比.

在任何情况下,这里有一些代码用于获取Windows下的CPU使用价值...只需定期调用GetCPULoad()(例如每250mS或您喜欢的任何速率)并乘以100.0得到一个百分比:

#include <Windows.h>

static float CalculateCPULoad(unsigned long long idleTicks, unsigned long long totalTicks)
{
   static unsigned long long _previousTotalTicks = 0;
   static unsigned long long _previousIdleTicks = 0;

   unsigned long long totalTicksSinceLastTime = totalTicks-_previousTotalTicks;
   unsigned long long idleTicksSinceLastTime  = idleTicks-_previousIdleTicks;

   float ret = 1.0f-((totalTicksSinceLastTime > 0) ? ((float)idleTicksSinceLastTime)/totalTicksSinceLastTime : 0);

   _previousTotalTicks = totalTicks;
   _previousIdleTicks  = idleTicks;
   return ret;
}

static unsigned long long FileTimeToInt64(const FILETIME & ft) {return (((unsigned long long)(ft.dwHighDateTime))<<32)|((unsigned long long)ft.dwLowDateTime);}

// Returns 1.0f for "CPU fully pinned", 0.0f for "CPU idle", or somewhere in between
// You'll need to call this at regular intervals, since it measures the load between
// the previous call and the current one.  Returns -1.0 on error.
float GetCPULoad()
{
   FILETIME idleTime, kernelTime, userTime;
   return GetSystemTimes(&idleTime, &kernelTime, &userTime) ? CalculateCPULoad(FileTimeToInt64(idleTime), FileTimeToInt64(kernelTime)+FileTimeToInt64(userTime)) : -1.0f;
}

(*)好的,你可能会在多核系统上获得更高的分辨率; 例如,如果您测量四核CPU上的瞬时CPU使用率,您可能会发现在该特定时刻,三个核心处于空闲状态,一个核心处于活动状态,并且称之为25%负载...当然还有类似的东西英特尔的SpeedStep实际上改变了CPU的时钟频率,以此来管理功耗; 但我们暂时忽略那些并发症:)

Answer 2

最流行的建议解决方案在 Win10 / Visual Studio 2010 上不适用于我；用该方法获得的值似乎与任何东西都没有关联。也许这是因为，正如 Belogrtseff 的评论中所指出的， GetSystemTimes 函数返回的内核时间包括空闲时间。

有关 GetSystemTimes 函数的说明，请参阅https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724400(v=vs.85).aspx 。

此外，我不确定当您将两个无符号数的减法分配给另一个无符号数时会发生什么。看起来应该仍然是无符号的，但建议的解决方案对该值小于零进行了测试。

我这样计算“净空”：

Headroom = time spent in idle
                  / 
        (Kernel time + User time) 

然后“加载”为：

Load = 1 - Headroom

下面是示例代码，您应该能够将其剪切并粘贴到 VS 项目中。如果在 VS 调试器下运行，它将通过 OutputDebugString() 调用在调试器的输出窗口中显示结果。

// DOSHeadroom.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <atlstr.h>
#include <iostream>




__int64 FileTimeToInt64 ( FILETIME & ft )
{
    ULARGE_INTEGER foo;

    foo.LowPart = ft.dwLowDateTime;
    foo.HighPart = ft.dwHighDateTime;

    return ( foo.QuadPart );
}


// UI Timer callback

VOID CALLBACK UITimerRoutine(PVOID lpParam, BOOLEAN TimerOrWaitFired)
{
    #define NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS (8)
    #define PROCESSOR_BUFFER_SIZE (NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS * 8)
    static ULONG64 ProcessorIdleTimeBuffer [ PROCESSOR_BUFFER_SIZE ];
    CString  ProcessorHeadroomPercentage;

    FILETIME IdleTime, KernelTime, UserTime;
    static unsigned long long PrevTotal = 0;
    static unsigned long long PrevIdle = 0;
    static unsigned long long PrevUser = 0;
    unsigned long long ThisTotal;
    unsigned long long ThisIdle, ThisKernel, ThisUser;
    unsigned long long TotalSinceLast, IdleSinceLast, UserSinceLast;


    // GET THE KERNEL / USER / IDLE times.  
    // And oh, BTW, kernel time includes idle time
    GetSystemTimes( & IdleTime, & KernelTime, & UserTime);

    ThisIdle = FileTimeToInt64(IdleTime);
    ThisKernel = FileTimeToInt64 (KernelTime);
    ThisUser = FileTimeToInt64 (UserTime);

    ThisTotal = ThisKernel + ThisUser;
    TotalSinceLast = ThisTotal - PrevTotal;
    IdleSinceLast = ThisIdle - PrevIdle;
    UserSinceLast = ThisUser - PrevUser;
    double Headroom;
    Headroom =  (double)IdleSinceLast / (double)TotalSinceLast ;
    double Load;
    Load = 1.0 - Headroom;
    Headroom *= 100.0;  // to make it percent
    Load *= 100.0;  // percent

    PrevTotal = ThisTotal;
    PrevIdle = ThisIdle;
    PrevUser = ThisUser;

    // print results to output window of VS when run in Debug
    ProcessorHeadroomPercentage.Format(_T(" Headroom: %2.0lf%%   Load: %2.0lf%%\n"), Headroom, Load);
    OutputDebugString(ProcessorHeadroomPercentage);

}



void SetupMyTimer (void)
{
    // set up a timer to periodically update UI, specifically to support headroom display
    // I'll use a timerQueue for this application
    // Create the timer queue.
    HANDLE   hTimerQueue;
    HANDLE   hUITimer;
    enum     { UI_TIMER_RATE = 1000 };  // should happen every 1000 ms or 1Hz.  That should be fast enough

    hTimerQueue = NULL;
    hUITimer = NULL;
    hTimerQueue = CreateTimerQueue();
    CreateTimerQueueTimer( &hUITimer, hTimerQueue, 
         (WAITORTIMERCALLBACK)UITimerRoutine, NULL, 0, UI_TIMER_RATE, 0); //the 1000 means wait 1000ms for first call

}


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    SetupMyTimer();
    Sleep(10000);
    return 0;
}

我让 TimerQueue 每秒调用一次 UITimerHandler。我认为这是可以估计处理器利用率的合理时间段。