C++ 11中的"type-switch"构造

Question

一直以来,我发现自己做了这样的事情:

Animal *animal = ...
if (Cat *cat = dynamic_cast<Cat *>(animal)) {
    ...
}
else if (Dog *dog = dynamic_cast<Dog *>(animal)) {
    ...
}
else { assert(false); }

一旦我看到C++ 11中的闭包,我想知道,这样的事情可能吗？

Animal *animal = ...
typecase(animal,
    [](Cat *cat) {
        ...
    },
    [](Dog *dog) {
        ...
    });

实现类型规划本来应该很容易,但我一直遇到一个问题,它无法弄清楚函数的参数,所以它无法知道尝试使用dynamic_cast,因为很难推断出lambdas的参数.花了几天的时间搜索谷歌和SO,但终于想通了,所以我将在下面分享我的答案.

Answer 1

感谢ecatmur在/sf/answers/935166431/上的回答,我能够从lambda中提取签名.完整的解决方案如下所示:

// Begin ecatmur's code
template<typename T> struct remove_class { };
template<typename C, typename R, typename... A>
struct remove_class<R(C::*)(A...)> { using type = R(A...); };
template<typename C, typename R, typename... A>
struct remove_class<R(C::*)(A...) const> { using type = R(A...); };
template<typename C, typename R, typename... A>
struct remove_class<R(C::*)(A...) volatile> { using type = R(A...); };
template<typename C, typename R, typename... A>
struct remove_class<R(C::*)(A...) const volatile> { using type = R(A...); };

template<typename T>
struct get_signature_impl { using type = typename remove_class<
    decltype(&std::remove_reference<T>::type::operator())>::type; };
template<typename R, typename... A>
struct get_signature_impl<R(A...)> { using type = R(A...); };
template<typename R, typename... A>
struct get_signature_impl<R(&)(A...)> { using type = R(A...); };
template<typename R, typename... A>
struct get_signature_impl<R(*)(A...)> { using type = R(A...); };
template<typename T> using get_signature = typename get_signature_impl<T>::type;
// End ecatmur's code

// Begin typecase code
template<typename Base, typename FirstSubclass, typename... RestOfSubclasses>
void typecase(
        Base *base,
        FirstSubclass &&first,
        RestOfSubclasses &&... rest) {

    using Signature = get_signature<FirstSubclass>;
    using Function = std::function<Signature>;

    if (typecaseHelper(base, (Function)first)) {
        return;
    }
    else {
        typecase(base, rest...);
    }
}
template<typename Base>
void typecase(Base *) {
    assert(false);
}
template<typename Base, typename T>
bool typecaseHelper(Base *base, std::function<void(T *)> func) {
    if (T *first = dynamic_cast<T *>(base)) {
        func(first);
        return true;
    }
    else {
        return false;
    }
}
// End typecase code

这里有一个示例用法:

class MyBaseClass {
public:
    virtual ~MyBaseClass() { }
};
class MyDerivedA : public MyBaseClass { };
class MyDerivedB : public MyBaseClass { };


int main() {
    MyBaseClass *basePtr = new MyDerivedB();

    typecase(basePtr,
        [](MyDerivedA *a) {
            std::cout << "is type A!" << std::endl;
        },
        [](MyDerivedB *b) {
            std::cout << "is type B!" << std::endl;
        });

    return 0;
}

如果有人有任何改进,请告诉我!