使用箭头键导航HTML表格

Question

我使用HTML表创建了一个非常基本的电子表格.它完美无缺,但用户必须使用鼠标点击每一个<td>才能进行编辑.我正在使用jQuery捕获click事件并显示一个对话框来编辑它.我希望用户能够使用箭头键导航到每个单元格,单元格css背景更改以指示焦点,单击Enter键将触发jQuery对话框事件.我正在使用jQuery 1.9.

这是一个基本上我所拥有的jsfiddle.

如何保存当前选定的单元格,以便当您使用鼠标单击单元格,然后使用箭头键时,它将从"当前"单元格导航？

谢谢.

Answer 1

下面是一个使用onkeydown事件并使用previousElementSibling和nextElementSibling属性的vanilla JavaScript解决方案.

https://jsfiddle.net/rh5aoxsL/

使用tabindex的问题在于,您无法像在Excel中那样导航,也可以离开电子表格本身.

HTML

<table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td id='start'>1</td>
      <td>2</td>
      <td>3</td>
      <td>4</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>5</td>
      <td>6</td>
      <td>7</td>
      <td>8</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>9</td>
      <td>10</td>
      <td>11</td>
      <td>12</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>13</td>
      <td>14</td>
      <td>15</td>
      <td>16</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

CSS

table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
  border: 1px solid black;
}
table td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  padding: 10px;
  text-align: center;
}

JavaScript

var start = document.getElementById('start');
start.focus();
start.style.backgroundColor = 'green';
start.style.color = 'white';

function dotheneedful(sibling) {
  if (sibling != null) {
    start.focus();
    start.style.backgroundColor = '';
    start.style.color = '';
    sibling.focus();
    sibling.style.backgroundColor = 'green';
    sibling.style.color = 'white';
    start = sibling;
  }
}

document.onkeydown = checkKey;

function checkKey(e) {
  e = e || window.event;
  if (e.keyCode == '38') {
    // up arrow
    var idx = start.cellIndex;
    var nextrow = start.parentElement.previousElementSibling;
    if (nextrow != null) {
      var sibling = nextrow.cells[idx];
      dotheneedful(sibling);
    }
  } else if (e.keyCode == '40') {
    // down arrow
    var idx = start.cellIndex;
    var nextrow = start.parentElement.nextElementSibling;
    if (nextrow != null) {
      var sibling = nextrow.cells[idx];
      dotheneedful(sibling);
    }
  } else if (e.keyCode == '37') {
    // left arrow
    var sibling = start.previousElementSibling;
    dotheneedful(sibling);
  } else if (e.keyCode == '39') {
    // right arrow
    var sibling = start.nextElementSibling;
    dotheneedful(sibling);
  }
}

Answer 2

根据我在其他几篇文章中发现的信息,我想出来了.我把它们全部卷起来,结果很完美.

注意:您必须tabindex在每个<td>上添加一个属性以允许导航.

这是jsfiddle.下面列出了相同的代码.

HTML:

<table>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>Col 1</th>
            <th>Col 2</th>
            <th>Col 3</th>
            <th>Col 4</th>
            <th>Col 5</th>
            <th>Col 6</th>
            <th>Col 7</th>
            <th>Col 8</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td tabindex="1">1</td>
            <td tabindex="2">2</td>
            <td tabindex="3">3</td>
            <td tabindex="4">4</td>
            <td tabindex="5">5</td>
            <td tabindex="6">6</td>
            <td tabindex="7">7</td>
            <td tabindex="8">8</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td tabindex="10">10</td>
            <td tabindex="11">11</td>
            <td tabindex="12">12</td>
            <td tabindex="13">13</td>
            <td tabindex="14">14</td>
            <td tabindex="15">15</td>
            <td tabindex="16">16</td>
            <td tabindex="17">17</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<div id="edit">
    <form>
        <input type="text" id="text" value="To edit..." />
        <input type="submit" value="Save" />
    </form>
</div>

CSS:

* {
    font-size: 12px;
    font-family: 'Helvetica', Arial, Sans-Serif;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

table, th, td {
    border-collapse:collapse;
    border: solid 1px #ccc;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    text-align: center;
}

th {
    background: #0f4871;
    color: #fff;
}

tr:nth-child(2n) {
    background: #f1f1f1;
}
td:hover {
    color: #fff;
    background: #CA293E;
}
td:focus {
    background: #f44;
}

.editing {
    border: 2px dotted #c9c9c9;
}

#edit { 
    display: none;
}

jQuery:

var currCell = $('td').first();
var editing = false;

// User clicks on a cell
$('td').click(function() {
    currCell = $(this);
    edit();
});

// Show edit box
function edit() {
    editing = true;
    currCell.toggleClass("editing");
    $('#edit').show();
    $('#edit #text').val(currCell.html());
    $('#edit #text').select();
}

// User saves edits
$('#edit form').submit(function(e) {
    editing = false;
    e.preventDefault();
    // Ajax to update value in database
    $.get('#', '', function() {
        $('#edit').hide();
        currCell.toggleClass("editing");
        currCell.html($('#edit #text').val());
        currCell.focus();
    });
});

// User navigates table using keyboard
$('table').keydown(function (e) {
    var c = "";
    if (e.which == 39) {
        // Right Arrow
        c = currCell.next();
    } else if (e.which == 37) { 
        // Left Arrow
        c = currCell.prev();
    } else if (e.which == 38) { 
        // Up Arrow
        c = currCell.closest('tr').prev().find('td:eq(' + 
          currCell.index() + ')');
    } else if (e.which == 40) { 
        // Down Arrow
        c = currCell.closest('tr').next().find('td:eq(' + 
          currCell.index() + ')');
    } else if (!editing && (e.which == 13 || e.which == 32)) { 
        // Enter or Spacebar - edit cell
        e.preventDefault();
        edit();
    } else if (!editing && (e.which == 9 && !e.shiftKey)) { 
        // Tab
        e.preventDefault();
        c = currCell.next();
    } else if (!editing && (e.which == 9 && e.shiftKey)) { 
        // Shift + Tab
        e.preventDefault();
        c = currCell.prev();
    } 

    // If we didn't hit a boundary, update the current cell
    if (c.length > 0) {
        currCell = c;
        currCell.focus();
    }
});

// User can cancel edit by pressing escape
$('#edit').keydown(function (e) {
    if (editing && e.which == 27) { 
        editing = false;
        $('#edit').hide();
        currCell.toggleClass("editing");
        currCell.focus();
    }
});