在C#中生成一个强密码？

Question

我想知道如何在C#中生成一个强大而安全的密码.

我用谷歌搜索了一下,在维基百科中看到了这个公式,L密码的长度在哪里,是N可能的符号数:

此外,我发现了这个问题,但由于某种原因,该方法Membership.GeneratePassword只返回一个1位数的随机数,绝对没有密码.所有其余的解决方案都很慢(> = 0.5秒).

我需要帮助实现这个公式(我不知道从哪里开始).您也可以建议另一种解决方案或解释为什么GeneratePassword不起作用.

Answer 1

我刚刚在linqpad中尝试了以下内容:

System.Web.Security.Membership.GeneratePassword(25, 10)

这是我得到的密码:

[XTJ_67g.i/ag1rL)6_Yv>*+%

或者,如果这不够安全,请尝试以下方法:

System.Web.Security.Membership.GeneratePassword(128, 100)

运行三次时,我得到以下信息:

|c^.:?m)#q+(]V;}[Z(})/?-;$]+@!|^/8*_9.$&.&!(?=^!Wx?[@%+&-@b;)>N;&+*w[>$2+_$%l;+h+#zhs^{e?&=*(}X_%|:}]]}*X[+)Er%J/-=;Q0{:+=%c7:^$

/:_)hxF+*){2|;(>:*N^+!_&|}B.$})?[V=[+v({-:-@9-Z$j?.[-}(@MHx+}(}Mz_S(7#4}{..>@G|!+++{+C=|_}=+r^@&$0;L*|kz-;$++/N3$=}?;%&]]*/^#^!+

:*{]-x^$g{|?*))_=B@^.#%L;g|+)#[nq}?y(_(m;]S^I$*q=l-[_/?}&-!k^(+[_{Z|&:^%!_)!=p%=)=wYd-#.UP$%s1{*l%+[%?!c+7=@=.;{+M)!^}&d/]{];(&}

顺便说一下,不到一秒钟.框架是你的朋友.

请参阅http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.web.security.membership.generatepassword.aspx

Answer 2

不确定我在哪里找到这个,但这里有一个类来生成高熵,真正随机的字符串,可以用作密码.

using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class PasswordGenerator
{
    public int MinimumLengthPassword { get; private set; }
    public int MaximumLengthPassword { get; private set; }
    public int MinimumLowerCaseChars { get; private set; }
    public int MinimumUpperCaseChars { get; private set; }
    public int MinimumNumericChars { get; private set; }
    public int MinimumSpecialChars { get; private set; }

    public static string AllLowerCaseChars { get; private set; }
    public static string AllUpperCaseChars { get; private set; }
    public static string AllNumericChars { get; private set; }
    public static string AllSpecialChars { get; private set; }
    private readonly string _allAvailableChars;

    private readonly RandomSecureVersion _randomSecure = new RandomSecureVersion();
    private int _minimumNumberOfChars;

    static PasswordGenerator()
    {
        // Define characters that are valid and reject ambiguous characters such as ilo, IO and 1 or 0
        AllLowerCaseChars = GetCharRange('a', 'z', exclusiveChars: "ilo");
        AllUpperCaseChars = GetCharRange('A', 'Z', exclusiveChars: "IO");
        AllNumericChars = GetCharRange('2', '9');
        AllSpecialChars = "!@#%*()$?+-=";

    }

    public PasswordGenerator(
        int minimumLengthPassword = 15,
        int maximumLengthPassword = 20,
        int minimumLowerCaseChars = 2,
        int minimumUpperCaseChars = 2,
        int minimumNumericChars = 2,
        int minimumSpecialChars = 2)
    {
        if (minimumLengthPassword < 15)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("The minimumlength is smaller than 15.",
                "minimumLengthPassword");
        }

        if (minimumLengthPassword > maximumLengthPassword)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("The minimumLength is bigger than the maximum length.",
                "minimumLengthPassword");
        }

        if (minimumLowerCaseChars < 2)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("The minimumLowerCase is smaller than 2.",
                "minimumLowerCaseChars");
        }

        if (minimumUpperCaseChars < 2)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("The minimumUpperCase is smaller than 2.",
                "minimumUpperCaseChars");
        }

        if (minimumNumericChars < 2)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("The minimumNumeric is smaller than 2.",
                "minimumNumericChars");
        }

        if (minimumSpecialChars < 2)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("The minimumSpecial is smaller than 2.",
                "minimumSpecialChars");
        }

        _minimumNumberOfChars = minimumLowerCaseChars + minimumUpperCaseChars +
                                minimumNumericChars + minimumSpecialChars;

        if (minimumLengthPassword < _minimumNumberOfChars)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException(
                "The minimum length of the password is smaller than the sum " +
                "of the minimum characters of all catagories.",
                "maximumLengthPassword");
        }

        MinimumLengthPassword = minimumLengthPassword;
        MaximumLengthPassword = maximumLengthPassword;

        MinimumLowerCaseChars = minimumLowerCaseChars;
        MinimumUpperCaseChars = minimumUpperCaseChars;
        MinimumNumericChars = minimumNumericChars;
        MinimumSpecialChars = minimumSpecialChars;

        _allAvailableChars =
            OnlyIfOneCharIsRequired(minimumLowerCaseChars, AllLowerCaseChars) +
            OnlyIfOneCharIsRequired(minimumUpperCaseChars, AllUpperCaseChars) +
            OnlyIfOneCharIsRequired(minimumNumericChars, AllNumericChars) +
            OnlyIfOneCharIsRequired(minimumSpecialChars, AllSpecialChars);
    }

    private string OnlyIfOneCharIsRequired(int minimum, string allChars)
    {
        return minimum > 0 || _minimumNumberOfChars == 0 ? allChars : string.Empty;
    }

    public string Generate()
    {
        var lengthOfPassword = _randomSecure.Next(MinimumLengthPassword, MaximumLengthPassword);

        // Get the required number of characters of each catagory and 
        // add random charactes of all catagories
        var minimumChars = GetRandomString(AllLowerCaseChars, MinimumLowerCaseChars) +
                        GetRandomString(AllUpperCaseChars, MinimumUpperCaseChars) +
                        GetRandomString(AllNumericChars, MinimumNumericChars) +
                        GetRandomString(AllSpecialChars, MinimumSpecialChars);
        var rest = GetRandomString(_allAvailableChars, lengthOfPassword - minimumChars.Length);
        var unshuffeledResult = minimumChars + rest;

        // Shuffle the result so the order of the characters are unpredictable
        var result = unshuffeledResult.ShuffleTextSecure();
        return result;
    }

    private string GetRandomString(string possibleChars, int lenght)
    {
        var result = string.Empty;
        for (var position = 0; position < lenght; position++)
        {
            var index = _randomSecure.Next(possibleChars.Length);
            result += possibleChars[index];
        }
        return result;
    }

    private static string GetCharRange(char minimum, char maximum, string exclusiveChars = "")
    {
        var result = string.Empty;
        for (char value = minimum; value <= maximum; value++)
        {
            result += value;
        }
        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(exclusiveChars))
        {
            var inclusiveChars = result.Except(exclusiveChars).ToArray();
            result = new string(inclusiveChars);
        }
        return result;
    }
}

internal static class Extensions
{
    private static readonly Lazy<RandomSecureVersion> RandomSecure =
        new Lazy<RandomSecureVersion>(() => new RandomSecureVersion());
    public static IEnumerable<T> ShuffleSecure<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
    {
        var sourceArray = source.ToArray();
        for (int counter = 0; counter < sourceArray.Length; counter++)
        {
            int randomIndex = RandomSecure.Value.Next(counter, sourceArray.Length);
            yield return sourceArray[randomIndex];

            sourceArray[randomIndex] = sourceArray[counter];
        }
    }

    public static string ShuffleTextSecure(this string source)
    {
        var shuffeldChars = source.ShuffleSecure().ToArray();
        return new string(shuffeldChars);
    }
}

internal class RandomSecureVersion
{
    //Never ever ever never use Random() in the generation of anything that requires true security/randomness
    //and high entropy or I will hunt you down with a pitchfork!! Only RNGCryptoServiceProvider() is safe.
    private readonly RNGCryptoServiceProvider _rngProvider = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();

    public int Next()
    {
        var randomBuffer = new byte[4];
        _rngProvider.GetBytes(randomBuffer);
        var result = BitConverter.ToInt32(randomBuffer, 0);
        return result;
    }

    public int Next(int maximumValue)
    {
        // Do not use Next() % maximumValue because the distribution is not OK
        return Next(0, maximumValue);
    }

    public int Next(int minimumValue, int maximumValue)
    {
        var seed = Next();

        //  Generate uniformly distributed random integers within a given range.
        return new Random(seed).Next(minimumValue, maximumValue);
    }
}

这样在你的代码中使用:

var generator = new PasswordGenerator();
string password = generator.Generate();
Console.WriteLine(password);

Answer 3

要解决有关该公式的问题:

该公式表示从N个符号的字母表中提取的长度为L的密码等同于从两个符号的字母表中提取的长度为H的密码.因此,如果您有64个符号(例如abc ... xyzABC ... XYZ01 ... 89_!)并且密码长度为10个字符,则可以获得与密码相同的安全性10 log2 64 = 60个字符长从字母"ab"中提取.

"log"是取幂的逆运算.2到6的功率给你64分,因此64分的"log 2"给你6分.

Answer 4

我不知道这是否会对你有所帮助,但这就是我想要生成随机密码时使用的密码.它的实施/理解快速而简单,并不像上面的会员提供者那样过分.

    private string Token(byte Length) {
        char[] Chars = new char[] {
            'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z',
            'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z',
            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'
        };
        string String = string.Empty;
        Random Random = new Random();

        for (byte a = 0; a < Length; a++) {
            String += Chars[Random.Next(0, 61)];
        };

        return (String);
    }