如何使用vi在Linux上编辑终端命令？

Question

当输入一个很长的命令时,我想首先在文本编辑器(例如vi)中编辑命令,然后在输入错误的情况下执行.有没有办法直接在终端中编辑命令并运行而不是通过键入vi调用vi然后键入命令？

Answer 1

如果您正在使用bash,请尝试使用该edit-and-execute-command命令.默认情况下,将其分配给Ctrl-x Ctrl-e(键入ctrl-x,然后键入ctrl-e).

这应该打开您环境中指定的任何编辑器.退出时缓冲区中的任何内容都将在shell中执行 - 包括多行命令.

Answer 2

您可以通过设置 vi 编辑模式。如果您使用的是 bash，您可以输入以下内容或将其放入您的shell 配置文件中：

set -o vi

然后，您可以像在 vi 中一样使用命令模式和插入模式。

当命令已经在行上时（通过按向上箭头键、CTRL-R、fzf、 等调用），一个有用的命令是v在 shell 的正常模式下，因为它将启动默认编辑器来编辑命令。

这个要点的备忘单：

.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.
|                                                                           |
|                          Readline VI Editing Mode                         |
|                     Default Keyboard Shortcuts for Bash                   |
|                               Cheat Sheet                                 |
|                                                                           |
'---------------------------------------------------------------------------'
| Peteris Krumins (peter@catonmat.net), 2008.01.08                          |
| http://www.catonmat.net  -  good coders code, great reuse                 |
|                                                                           |
| Released under the GNU Free Document License                              |
'---------------------------------------------------------------------------'

 ======================== Keyboard Shortcut Summary ========================

.--------------.------------------------------------------------------------.
|              |                                                            |
| Shortcut     | Description                                                |
|              |                                                            |
'--------------'------------------------------------------------------------'
| Switching to COMMAND Mode:                                                |
'--------------.------------------------------------------------------------'
| ESC          | Switch to command mode.                                    |
'--------------'------------------------------------------------------------'
| Commands for Entering INPUT Mode:                                         |
'--------------.------------------------------------------------------------'
| i            | Insert before cursor.                                      |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| a            | Insert after cursor.                                       |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| I            | Insert at the beginning of line.                           |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| A            | Insert at the end of line.                                 |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| c<mov. comm> | Change text of a movement command <mov. comm> (see below). |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| C            | Change text to the end of line (equivalent to c$).         |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| cc or S      | Change current line (equivalent to 0c$).                   |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| s            | Delete a single character under the cursor and enter input |
|              | mode (equivalent to c[SPACE]).                             |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| r            | Replaces a single character under the cursor (without      |
|              | leaving command mode).                                     |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| R            | Replaces characters under cursor.                          |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| v            | Edit (and execute) the current command in the text editor. |
|              | (an editor defined in $VISUAL or $EDITOR variables, or vi  |
'--------------'------------------------------------------------------------'
| Basic Movement Commands (in command mode):                                |
'--------------.------------------------------------------------------------'
| h            | Move one character right.                                  |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| l            | Move one character left.                                   |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| w            | Move one word or token right.                              |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| b            | Move one word or token left.                               |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| W            | Move one non-blank word right.                             |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| B            | Move one non-blank word left.                              |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| e            | Move to the end of the current word.                       |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| E            | Move to the end of the current non-blank word.             |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| 0            | Move to the beginning of line                              |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| ^            | Move to the first non-blank character of line.             |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| $            | Move to the end of line.                                   |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| %            | Move to the corresponding opening/closing bracket.         |
'--------------'------------------------------------------------------------'
| Character Finding Commands (these are also Movement Commands):            |
'--------------.------------------------------------------------------------'
| fc           | Move right to the next occurance of char c.                |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| Fc           | Move left to the previous occurance of c.                  |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| tc           | Move right to the next occurance of c, then one char       |
|              | backward.                                                  |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| Tc           | Move left to the previous occurance of c, then one char    |
|              | forward.                                                   |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| ;            | Redo the last character finding command.                   |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| ,            | Redo the last character finding command in opposite        |
|              | direction.                                                 |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| |            | Move to the n-th column (you may specify the argument n by |
|              | typing it on number keys, for example, 20|)                |
'--------------'------------------------------------------------------------'
| Deletion Commands:                                                        |
'--------------.------------------------------------------------------------'
| x            | Delete a single character under the cursor.                |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| X            | Delete a character before the cursor.                      |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| d<mov. comm> | Delete text of a movement command <mov. comm> (see above). |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| D            | Delete to the end of the line (equivalent to d$).          |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| dd           | Delete current line (equivalent to 0d$).                   |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| CTRL-w       | Delete the previous word.                                  |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| CTRL-u       | Delete from the cursor to the beginning of line.           |
'--------------'------------------------------------------------------------'
| Undo, Redo and Copy/Paste Commands:                                       |
'--------------.------------------------------------------------------------'
| u            | Undo previous text modification.                           |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| U            | Undo all previous text modifications.                      |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| .            | Redo the last text modification.                           |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| y<mov. comm> | Yank a movement into buffer (copy).                        |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| yy           | Yank the whole line.                                       |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| p            | Insert the yanked text at the cursor.                      |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| P            | Insert the yanked text before the cursor.                  |
'--------------'------------------------------------------------------------'
| Commands for Command History:                                             |
'--------------.------------------------------------------------------------'
| k            | Move backward one command in history.                      |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| j            | Move forward one command in history.                       |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| G            | Move to history line N (for example, 15G).                 |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| /string or   | Search history backward for a command matching string.     |
| CTRL-r       |                                                            |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| ?string or   | Search history forward for a command matching string.      |
| CTRL-s       | (Note that on most machines Ctrl-s STOPS the terminal      |
|              | output, change it with `stty' (Ctrl-q to resume)).         |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| n            | Repeat search in the same direction as previous.           |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| N            | Repeat search in the opposite direction as previous.       |
'--------------'------------------------------------------------------------'
| Completion commands:                                                      |
'--------------.------------------------------------------------------------'
| TAB or = or  | List all possible completions.                             |
| CTRL-i       |                                                            |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| *            | Insert all possible completions.                           |
'--------------'------------------------------------------------------------'
| Miscellaneous commands:                                                   |
'--------------.------------------------------------------------------------'
| ~            | Invert case of the character under cursor and move a       |
|              | character right.                                           |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| #            | Prepend '#' (comment character) to the line and send it to |
|              | the history.                                               |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| _            | Inserts the n-th word of the previous command in the       |
|              | current line.                                              |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| 0, 1, 2, ... | Sets the numeric argument.                                 |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| CTRL-v       | Insert a character literally (quoted insert).              |
'--------------+------------------------------------------------------------'
| CTRL-r       | Transpose (exchange) two characters.                       |
'--------------'------------------------------------------------------------'


 ===========================================================================

.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.
| Peteris Krumins (peter@catonmat.net), 2008.01.08.                         |
| http://www.catonmat.net  -  good coders code, great reuse                 | 
|                                                                           |
| Released under the GNU Free Document License                              |
'---------------------------------------------------------------------------'

Answer 3

您是否尝试过fc内置的（“修复命令”）shell？¹

默认情况下，它会在编辑器中打开最后一个命令，但您可以放弃该命令并将其替换为您想要的任何命令，并在退出时执行它。看help fc。

Tom Ryder 在他的博客文章Bash 中的 Vi 模式中提出了这个想法。

(1) 在 Fish、zsh、bash、dash 中可用，但也可能在其他中可用。

Answer 4

如果你使用的zsh是 shell-command 被调用edit-command-line。默认情况下它不受约束，因此在您的配置中添加如下内容：

bindkey "^X^E" edit-command-line

现在的Ctrl+xCtrl+e工作方式与 inbash相同，只是命令在Return被敲击之前不执行。