可靠的用户浏览器检测与PHP

Question

试图用PHP检测用户的浏览器,$ _SERVER ['HTTP_USER_AGENT']是一种可靠的方法吗？我应该选择get_browser函数吗？您找到哪一个会带来更精确的结果？

如果这种方法是实用的,那么建议使用它来输出相关的CSS链接,例如:

if(stripos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'],"mozilla")!==false)
   echo '<link type="text/css" href="mozilla.css" />';

我注意到了这个问题,但我想澄清这是否适合面向CSS的检测.

更新: 真的很可疑:我试过echo $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];IE 7,这就是输出:

Mozilla/4.0(兼容; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30618)

Safari也给了"mozilla"一些奇怪的东西.是什么赋予了？

Answer 1

检查这段代码,我发现这很有用.不要检查Mozilla,因为大多数浏览器都将此用作用户代理字符串

if(strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'MSIE') !== FALSE)
   echo 'Internet explorer';
 elseif(strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'Trident') !== FALSE) //For Supporting IE 11
    echo 'Internet explorer';
 elseif(strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'Firefox') !== FALSE)
   echo 'Mozilla Firefox';
 elseif(strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'Chrome') !== FALSE)
   echo 'Google Chrome';
 elseif(strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'Opera Mini') !== FALSE)
   echo "Opera Mini";
 elseif(strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'Opera') !== FALSE)
   echo "Opera";
 elseif(strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'Safari') !== FALSE)
   echo "Safari";
 else
   echo 'Something else';

Answer 2

使用现有方法(即get_browser)可能比自己编写一些东西更好,因为它具有(更好)支持并且将使用更新版本进行更新.可能还有可用的库可以以可靠的方式获取浏览器ID.

解码$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']很困难,因为很多浏览器都有非常相似的数据,并且倾向于(误)使用它来获得自己的好处.但是,如果您真的想要对它们进行解码,则可以使用此页面上的信息来获取所有可用的代理ID.此页面还显示您的示例输出确实属于IE 7.有关代理ID本身中字段的更多信息可以在此页面上找到,但正如我所说,浏览器倾向于使用它来获取它们自己的好处,它可能在一个(稍微)其他格式.

Answer 3

用户代理可以伪造，最好不要依赖于用户代理字符串，如果您只想检测方向，则可以使用 CSS3 媒体查询（您可以探索著名的响应式框架引导程序的 CSS 以检查如何处理方向部分使用 CSS）

这是小CSS：

    @media only screen and (max-width: 999px) {
     /* rules that only apply for canvases narrower than 1000px */
    }

    @media only screen and (device-width: 768px) and (orientation: landscape) {
    /* rules for iPad in landscape orientation */
    }

    @media only screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (max-device-width: 480px) {
    /* iPhone, Android rules here */
    }    

阅读更多：关于 CSS 方向检测

或者您可以使用 JavaScript 找到方向：

    // Listen for orientation changes
    window.addEventListener("orientationchange", function() {
        // Announce the new orientation number
        alert(window.orientation);
    }, false);

阅读更多：关于使用 JS 检测方向

最后，如果你真的想使用用户代理字符串，那么这段代码会对你有很大帮助，几乎在每个浏览器上都能正常工作：

<?php
class BrowserDetection {

    private $_user_agent;
    private $_name;
    private $_version;
    private $_platform;

    private $_basic_browser = array (
       'Trident\/7.0' => 'Internet Explorer 11',
    'Beamrise' => 'Beamrise',
    'Opera' => 'Opera',
    'OPR' => 'Opera',
    'Shiira' => 'Shiira',
    'Chimera' => 'Chimera',
    'Phoenix' => 'Phoenix',
    'Firebird' => 'Firebird',
    'Camino' => 'Camino',
    'Netscape' => 'Netscape',
    'OmniWeb' => 'OmniWeb',
    'Konqueror' => 'Konqueror',
    'icab' => 'iCab',
     'Lynx' => 'Lynx',
    'Links' => 'Links',
    'hotjava' => 'HotJava',
    'amaya' => 'Amaya',
    'IBrowse' => 'IBrowse',
    'iTunes' => 'iTunes',
    'Silk' => 'Silk',
    'Dillo' => 'Dillo', 
    'Maxthon' => 'Maxthon',
    'Arora' => 'Arora',
    'Galeon' => 'Galeon',
    'Iceape' => 'Iceape',
    'Iceweasel' => 'Iceweasel',
    'Midori' => 'Midori',
    'QupZilla' => 'QupZilla',
    'Namoroka' => 'Namoroka',
    'NetSurf' => 'NetSurf',
    'BOLT' => 'BOLT',
    'EudoraWeb' => 'EudoraWeb',
    'shadowfox' => 'ShadowFox',
    'Swiftfox' => 'Swiftfox',
    'Uzbl' => 'Uzbl',
    'UCBrowser' => 'UCBrowser',
    'Kindle' => 'Kindle',
    'wOSBrowser' => 'wOSBrowser',
     'Epiphany' => 'Epiphany', 
    'SeaMonkey' => 'SeaMonkey',
    'Avant Browser' => 'Avant Browser',
    'Firefox' => 'Firefox',
    'Chrome' => 'Google Chrome',
    'MSIE' => 'Internet Explorer',
    'Internet Explorer' => 'Internet Explorer',
     'Safari' => 'Safari',
    'Mozilla' => 'Mozilla'  
    );

     private $_basic_platform = array(
        'windows' => 'Windows', 
     'iPad' => 'iPad', 
      'iPod' => 'iPod', 
    'iPhone' => 'iPhone', 
     'mac' => 'Apple', 
    'android' => 'Android', 
    'linux' => 'Linux',
    'Nokia' => 'Nokia',
     'BlackBerry' => 'BlackBerry',
    'FreeBSD' => 'FreeBSD',
     'OpenBSD' => 'OpenBSD',
    'NetBSD' => 'NetBSD',
     'UNIX' => 'UNIX',
    'DragonFly' => 'DragonFlyBSD',
    'OpenSolaris' => 'OpenSolaris',
    'SunOS' => 'SunOS', 
    'OS\/2' => 'OS/2',
    'BeOS' => 'BeOS',
    'win' => 'Windows',
    'Dillo' => 'Linux',
    'PalmOS' => 'PalmOS',
    'RebelMouse' => 'RebelMouse'   
     ); 

    function __construct($ua = '') {
        if(empty($ua)) {
           $this->_user_agent = (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])?$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']:getenv('HTTP_USER_AGENT'));
        }
        else {
           $this->_user_agent = $ua;
        }
       }

    function detect() {
        $this->detectBrowser();
        $this->detectPlatform();
        return $this;
    }

    function detectBrowser() {
     foreach($this->_basic_browser as $pattern => $name) {
        if( preg_match("/".$pattern."/i",$this->_user_agent, $match)) {
            $this->_name = $name;
             // finally get the correct version number
            $known = array('Version', $pattern, 'other');
            $pattern_version = '#(?<browser>' . join('|', $known).')[/ ]+(?<version>[0-9.|a-zA-Z.]*)#';
            if (!preg_match_all($pattern_version, $this->_user_agent, $matches)) {
                // we have no matching number just continue
            }
            // see how many we have
            $i = count($matches['browser']);
            if ($i != 1) {
                //we will have two since we are not using 'other' argument yet
                //see if version is before or after the name
                if (strripos($this->_user_agent,"Version") < strripos($this->_user_agent,$pattern)){
                    @$this->_version = $matches['version'][0];
                }
                else {
                    @$this->_version = $matches['version'][1];
                }
            }
            else {
                $this->_version = $matches['version'][0];
            }
            break;
        }
       }
   }

    function detectPlatform() {
      foreach($this->_basic_platform as $key => $platform) {
            if (stripos($this->_user_agent, $key) !== false) {
                $this->_platform = $platform;
                break;
            } 
      }
    }

   function getBrowser() {
      if(!empty($this->_name)) {
           return $this->_name;
      }
   }        

   function getVersion() {
       return $this->_version;
    }

    function getPlatform() {
       if(!empty($this->_platform)) {
          return $this->_platform;
       }
    }

    function getUserAgent() {
        return $this->_user_agent;
     }

     function getInfo() {
         return "<strong>Browser Name:</strong> {$this->getBrowser()}<br/>\n" .
        "<strong>Browser Version:</strong> {$this->getVersion()}<br/>\n" .
        "<strong>Browser User Agent String:</strong> {$this->getUserAgent()}<br/>\n" .
        "<strong>Platform:</strong> {$this->getPlatform()}<br/>";
     }
}  

$obj = new BrowserDetection();

echo $obj->detect()->getInfo();

上面的代码几乎适用于所有浏览器，我希望它对你有所帮助。

Answer 4

class Browser { 
    /** 
    Figure out what browser is used, its version and the platform it is 
    running on. 

    The following code was ported in part from JQuery v1.3.1 
    */ 
    public static function detect() { 
        $userAgent = strtolower($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']); 

        // Identify the browser. Check Opera and Safari first in case of spoof. Let Google Chrome be identified as Safari. 
        if (preg_match('/opera/', $userAgent)) { 
            $name = 'opera'; 
        } 
        elseif (preg_match('/webkit/', $userAgent)) { 
            $name = 'safari'; 
        } 
        elseif (preg_match('/msie/', $userAgent)) { 
            $name = 'msie'; 
        } 
        elseif (preg_match('/mozilla/', $userAgent) && !preg_match('/compatible/', $userAgent)) { 
            $name = 'mozilla'; 
        } 
        else { 
            $name = 'unrecognized'; 
        } 

        // What version? 
        if (preg_match('/.+(?:rv|it|ra|ie)[\/: ]([\d.]+)/', $userAgent, $matches)) { 
            $version = $matches[1]; 
        } 
        else { 
            $version = 'unknown'; 
        } 

        // Running on what platform? 
        if (preg_match('/linux/', $userAgent)) { 
            $platform = 'linux'; 
        } 
        elseif (preg_match('/macintosh|mac os x/', $userAgent)) { 
            $platform = 'mac'; 
        } 
        elseif (preg_match('/windows|win32/', $userAgent)) { 
            $platform = 'windows'; 
        } 
        else { 
            $platform = 'unrecognized'; 
        } 

        return array( 
            'name'      => $name, 
            'version'   => $version, 
            'platform'  => $platform, 
            'userAgent' => $userAgent 
        ); 
    } 
} 


$browser = Browser::detect();